Intro To Biomedical Research And Bias

Question 1

Research process acronym

Answer 1

ICCAW

Question 2

Research process

Answer 2

Identifying the research problem /issue
Conduct the research
Collecting information
Analysing and interpreting information
Writing a research report

Question 3

Funnel approach

Answer 3

1 start with topic of interest
2 reflect on the topic
3 More reading discussion and reflection
4 refine regularly throughout the research process

Question 4

Fair test explain

Answer 4

Controlled investigation carried out to answer a scientific question

Question 5

Fair test sometimes referred to perfect experiment as?

Answer 5

Only one variable is changed but the others are kept constant

Question 6

Double blind

Answer 6

Participants and investigator don’t know

Question 7

Triple blind

Answer 7

People analysing data don’t know

Question 8

FINER criteria for a good research question

Answer 8

Feasible -participants, expertise and resource
Interesting
Novel - confirm/refute findings or increase ko
Ethical
Relevant - scientifically, and clinically

Question 9

PICO criteria is for

Answer 9

Refining clinical research questions

Question 10

PICO criteria

Answer 10

Population -specific patient group
Intervention
Comparison group
Outcome of interest

Question 11

Protocol is?

Answer 11

Set of instructions to carry out the experimental procedures to address the primary research question

Question 12

What is in a protocol?

Answer 12

Objectives
Design
Methods
Statistical considerations
Choosing outcome measurement
Analysis plan

Question 13

Examples of bias in research

Answer 13

Selection bias
Performance bias
Attention bias

Question 14

Performance bias

Answer 14

Bias that occurs when patient/clinicians are aware of the assigned treatment and perform differently as a rescue

Question 15

Attention bias

Answer 15

Bias due to influencing factor that causes non-random withdrawals from the study group

Question 16

In clinical trial those participants for whom the intervention doesn’t work are more likely to withdraw, so the ones remaining in the study are more likely to havehad a positive response. What bias is this?

Answer 16

Attention bias

Question 17

How to limit selection bias

Answer 17

Randomisation

Question 18

How to limit attention bias

Answer 18

Clarify reasons for loss of follow up and include this data

Question 19

How to limit performance bias

Answer 19

Doublet triple blinded study

Question 20

What is the approx. average cost of bringing a drug through development to market?

Answer 20

1-2 billion dollars