Clinical and Research ethics and moral theory Flashcards
Define research ethics
The study of the principles, regulations & practices governing the way any research should be conducted
What ethical principles is focused on consequences of actions?
consequentialism
What ethical principles is focused on duties?
deontology
What ethical principles is focused on character?
virtue ethics
define stakeholder?
a person with an interest or concern in something
classical utilitarians:
Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
Modern utilitarians:
Peter singer, John Harris
pros of consequentialism
Egalitarian (people are equally important and should have the same rights)
Intuitively plausible
Big role in practical politics
Impartiality
cons of consequentialism
Simple versions lead to counterintuitive conclusions
Problem of separation of individuals
Distributive justice
Doesn’t allow for special status of personal relationships
Doesn’t allow for ‘good beyond call of duty’ (supererogation)
an action is right if it is? deontology
in accordance with a correct moral rule or principle
modern kantians:
Onara O’Neill, Christine Korsgaard
pros of deontology
Allows for profession specific duties & personal duties
Accounts for motivations
Clearly guides behaviour
Allows to come up with rules that can be shared & communicated
cons of deontology
Too rigid
Rule conflict
Are there absolute duties? How would we establish that?
Fails to account for consequences of actions
Some counterintuitive implications
modern virtue ethicists:
Rosalind Hursthouse, Philippa Foot
pros of virtue ethics
Ethical problems in research & medical ethics are often complex & novel
Where rules & codes of conduct are insufficient, virtues & good character mighToid moral pitfalls
Intuitively plausible
Deals with a whole realm that consequentialism ignores- good life, character
Allows for personal & professional virtues
