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Ortho Neuro Eval 1 > Intro to Biomechanics > Flashcards

Intro to Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Define sagittal plane

A

plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

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2
Q

Define coronal plane. It is also known as ______

A

plane dividing body into equal anterior and posterior halves

frontal plane

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3
Q

Define transverse plane. It is also known as ______

A

plane dividing body into superior and inferior halves

horizontal plane

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4
Q

What ranges of motion occur in sagittal plane?

A

flexion, extension

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5
Q

What ranges of motion occur in frontal plane?

A

abduction, adduction, lateral flexion

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6
Q

What ranges of motion occur in transverse plane?

A

rotation, supination, pronation

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7
Q

List the types of joints and give examples of each

A

1) Ball and socket - shoulder, hip
2) Hinge joint - knee, elbow, ankle, PIP, DIP
3) Ellipsoid - metacarpophalangeal joints
4) pivot joint - atlanto-axial joints, raidohumeral joint
5) saddle joint - carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint

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8
Q

What type of connective tissue has no blood supply but has nerve supply?

A

ligaments

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9
Q

Define monoarticular muscle. Give examples

A

a muscle that crosses and affects one joint only

soleus, deltoid

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10
Q

Define polyarticular muscle. Give examples

A

a muscle that moves more than one joint

gastrocnemius, hamstring, biceps

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11
Q

List the types of muscle contraction

A

concentric
eccentric
isometric

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12
Q

Define scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral deviation of the spine

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13
Q

Primary spinal curvature is termed ______. Secondary spinal curvature is termed ________

A

kyphotic

lordotic

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14
Q

The shoulder joint is a _______ type joint. Its ranges of motion are _______

A

ball and socket

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial & lateral rotation, horizontal abduction & adduction, circumduction

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15
Q

The functions of the glenoid labrum are ________

A

shock absorption
increase surface contact of humerus
helps circulate sinovial fluid

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16
Q

Winging of the scapula can be caused by __________

A

1) weakening of serratus anterior / long thoracic lesion
2) hypertonic pectoralis, hypotonic rhomboids
3) scoliosis

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17
Q

The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for what range of motion? It functions to prevent _______ dislocation of the shoulder

A

shoulder abduction

superior

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18
Q

The infraspinatus muscle is responsible for what range of motion? It functions to prevent ______ dislocation of the shoulder

A

lateral rotation

anterior

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19
Q

The teres minor muscle is responsible for what range of motion? It functions to prevent ______ dislocation of the shoulder

A

lateral rotation

anterior

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20
Q

The subscapularis muscle is responsible for what range of motion? It functions to prevent ______ dislocation of the shoulder

A

medial rotation

posterior

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21
Q

What are the ranges of motion of the elbow?

A

flexion, extension, supination, pronation

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22
Q

The lateral collateral ligament of the elbow is aka ________

The medial collateral ligament of the elbow is aka ________

A

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

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23
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow or Little League elbow is a dislocation of the _________

A

annular ligament

24
Q

What are the two types of pronation/supination of the elbow?

A

Pronation/supination through the middle finger

Pronation/supination through the pinky

25
Q

List ranges of motion for the wrist

A

extension, flexion, adduction/ulnar deviation, abduction/radial deviation

26
Q

List carpal bones from lateral to medial, proximal to distal

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

27
Q

List ranges of motion for the hip

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation, circumduction

28
Q

List function of the acetabular labrum

A
  • shock absorption
  • increase surface contact with femur
  • help circulate synovial fluid
29
Q

Name the ligament connecting the femur to the hip

A

ligamentum teres / the round ligament

30
Q

What is the most relaxed position of the hip?

A

In flexion, abduction and lateral rotation

31
Q

The hip condition where the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees is ___________. How does this impact hip range of motion?

A

coxa vara

decreased abduction

32
Q

The hip condition where the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is greater than 135 degrees is ___________. How does this impact hip range of motion?

A

coxa valga

increased abduction

33
Q

The ranges of motion of the knee are ________

A

flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

34
Q

Hyperextension of the knee results in a torn _______

A

ACL

35
Q

Hyperflexion of the knee results in a torn ______

A

PCL

36
Q

In knee flexion, the condyles of the femur _____ then _____ on the tibia

A

roll

glide

37
Q

In knee extension, the condyles of the femur ___ then ____ on the tibia

A

glide

roll

38
Q

Genu valgum is also known as ______ and indicates _______

A

knock-kneed

weakened/torn MCL

39
Q

Genu varus is also known as ______ and indicates _______

A

bow-legged

weakened/torn LCL

40
Q

The bones of the hind foot are _______

A

calcaneus

talus

41
Q

List the tarsal bones

A

navicular
cuboid
medial, middle, lateral cuneiform

42
Q

List ranges of motion of the foot

A

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, internal rotation/adduction, external rotation/.abduction

43
Q

There are ___ arches of the foot. List them

A

medial, lateral, transverse arches

44
Q

Cartilage contains blood vessels (T/F)

A

F

45
Q

Synovial fluid functions to ___________

A

Lubricate joints and provide nutrients to cartilage

46
Q

Ligaments function to ___________

A

Strengthen and stabilize a joint

47
Q

Ligaments contain ________ nerve cells capable of _____________

A

Sensory

responding to the speed, movement, and position of the joint, as well as to stretching or pain

48
Q

The muscle that produces a movement is called an __________ and the muscle which produces the opposite movement is called an __________

A

Agonist

Antagonist

49
Q

How do muscle insertions move in:
Concentric contraction?
Eccentric contraction?
Isometric contraction?

A

Closer together

Farther apart

No movement

50
Q

List the ligaments of the spinal column

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous ligaments

51
Q

The nucleus pulposus is ____________

A

The inner core of the vertebral disc

52
Q

When the vertebra are in flexion, the nucleus pulposus moves in what direction?

What about in extension?

A

Posteriorly

Anteriorly

53
Q

The vertebral artery passes through the transverse foramina of _________

A

C1 - C6

54
Q

The quadrate ligament connects ____________

A

The radial notch of the ulna to the neck of the radius

55
Q

The interosseus membrane connects _____________

A

The shafts of the radius and ulna

56
Q

What shape are the ulna and radius in anatomical position?

This curvature allows the radius to cross over the ulna during ____________

A

Concave anteriorly

Pronation

57
Q

List the ligaments in the lateral side of the ankle

Medial side of the ankle

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament

Medial collateral ligament / deltoid ligament

Ortho Neuro Eval 1 (8 decks)

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