Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Intro to Biomechanics > Flashcards

Intro to Biomechanics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

newtons first law

A

An object will remain at rest or in some uniform motion in a straight line unless some net external force acts upon it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inertia

A

This tendency to remain in its current state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

force is ..

A

vector quantity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The total or ___ acting on an object is the ___acting on the object.

A

The total or net force acting on an object is the vector sum of all the forces acting on the object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

newtons second law

A

The acceleration (a) of an object is directly proportional to the net external force (F) exerted on it, and inversely proportional to its mass (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

newtons second law equation

A 
F = ma
m = mass
F= External force
a = acceleration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

kinematics

A

study of motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

statics

A

mechanics of fixed systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

units of forces

A

are kg m s-2 or Newton (N).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanics is essential to understand

A 
Joint articulation
Stability and balance
Structure and function of bones
Weight and effective weight
Effect of impulse and impact
Effect of motion and acceleration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An important force in biomechanics is the ___

A

An important force in biomechanics is the gravitational force or weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is weight calculated by mass x acceleration

A

Since the acceleration due to gravity (g) acts vertically downward, the gravitational force or weight (W) on an object of mass (m) is given by mass x acceleration,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

weight formula

A

m(mass) x g(gravity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

newtons third law

A

If an object exerts a force (F) on a second object, then the second object exerts an equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction force (-F) on the first object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acceleration

A

change of velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

quantity vector

A

direction and magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the ability for the body to withstand large accelerations is dependant on what

A

on magnitude and duration of acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is the ability to withstand large acceleration dependant on its duration and magnitude

A

This is due mainly to the structural strength of the bone structures, as well as the inertia of the blood and internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inertia

A

can displace organs when large acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of physiological effects from large acceleration

A

heart struggles to pump blood w/ effective weight
reduced blood pressure in retina
sensitive to O2 deprivation - possible blackout
reduced blood pressure in brain - possible unconsciousness

21
Q

momentum

A

mass x velocity

vector quantity

22
Q

units of momentum

A

kg m s-1

23
Q

principle of conservation of linear momentum

A

‘If there is no external force applied to a system then the total linear momentum of that system remains constant in time
momentum = mass x velocity
if there is a change in velocity there is a force applied
If there is a change of momentum there will be impact force

24
Q

change in velocity means

A

force is applied

25
Q

impulse Ft

A

acceleration = (v2 - v1)/t
newtons second law F =ma
F = m(v2-v1)/t
Ft = m(v2-v1)/t

26
Q

how can the impact force of a car accident be reduced

A

impulse is fixed by the initial speed to 0(the collision)

impact force can be reduced by increasing the time over which the momentum changes

27
Q

how do we try to minimise impact force by increasing the time over the impact occurs

A

seat belt tightens after speed increases
reduce impact force
air bags -collision with it come to a stop/rest over a longer period of time than when it hits a windscreen
crumple zone - infront and back of cars which design to collapse on impact - increase the time in which car comes to rest
reduce speed - lower change in velocity

28
Q

whiplash

A

physical damage to the upper spinal column or muscles in the neck region due to inertia of the body resulting from an impact from either the front or rear.

29
Q

energy

A

The ability to do work

30
Q

conservaton of energy

A

Within a closed system, the total amount of energy is constant.

31
Q

energy is measured in

A

joules

32
Q

work

A

Work Done (W) on a body by a force (F) in moving the object through a distance (d) is given by

33
Q

work formula

A

W = F x d

34
Q

impulse

A

change of momentum

35
Q

work is a …

A

vector quantity

36
Q

how else can work be calculated

A

distance moved in DIRECTION in which the force is applied

work done = Fcos0 x distance moved

37
Q

work can also be defined as

A

expenditure of energy

e.g. pushing against a wall or carrying a load in a stationary position still constitutes as work

38
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy due to an objects motion
= 1/2mv^2
m =mass
v= velocity

39
Q

potential energy

A 
energy an object has due to its shape or position
mgh
m =mass 
g = gravity
h = height
40
Q

work energy principle

A

The total Mechanical Energy of a system is the sum of the Kinetic and Potential energies.
Total Mechanical Energy of a system at some time is EQUAL to the Total Mechanical Energy of the system at some later time +/- any Work Done on/by the system,

41
Q

an example of chemical energy important in our physiology

A

calorific energy associated with food

42
Q

metabolism

A

Normal bodily activity requires work to be expended

43
Q

BMR

A

1.22kCal/minute

44
Q

how many calories used a day

A

1750kCal/day

45
Q

power calculation

A

work done/time

46
Q

power definition

A

the rate at which energy is expended and is defined as follows:

47
Q

efficiency

A

the ratio of the work done on the required activity to the TOTAL energy expended

47
Q

efficiency

A

the ratio of the work done on the required activity to the TOTAL energy expended

Physics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions