Common Bone and Joint Problems Flashcards
common types of stress that cause fractures
torsion
bending
compression
shear
types of fractures
greenstick spiral comminuted transverse compound vertebral compression
transverse fracture
where there is complete separation, and the fracture is perpendicular to the length of the bone.
cause of transverse fracture
May be caused by a shear force or side impact
oblique fracture
The fracture line runs along the length of the bone, and may occur as a result of bending
spiral fracture
Often this type of fracture will result in sharp bone edges which can penetrate muscle or other tissue.
cause of spiral fracture
occurs following some rotational action (torque) on the bone, such as might occur in a skiing accident.
stress fracture
which has not resulted in a complete break of the bone
cause of stress fractures
repetitive strain injuries
arthritis
main disease affecting joints, and the disease has many forms (most common are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis – see later).
treatment for arthritis
medication, lifestyle change, diet, surgery (joint replacement).
what type of cement holds the hip replacement in place
PMMA cement or
fix screws to hold prosthesis in place for normal growth when it provides sufficient support for joint screws are removed
lifetime of first hip prosthesis
10-12 years
ways in which fractures are preaired
to re-align the bone and allow natural bone growth to cause the broken bone to fuse together (splints, casts, etc
external fixators in some cases
what organ is required to generate forces to lift 20kg of weight
lower back muscles
