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Operative > Intro to Biomaterials > Flashcards

Intro to Biomaterials Flashcards

1
Q

3 main classes of materials

A

metals, ceramics, and polymers

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2
Q

____ and ____ are considered polymer-ceramic

A

composite resin; glass-ionomer

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3
Q

____ are considered metal-ceramic

A

metal-ceramic crowns

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4
Q

material used to construct artificial organs, rehabilitation devices, or prostheses and replace natural body tissues, without causing any harm or negative reactions

A

biomaterials

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5
Q

synthetic biomaterials

A

composites

silicone impression materials

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6
Q

natural biomaterials

A

alginates

hydrocolloids

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7
Q

tissue-engineered biomaterials

A 
stem cells
replacement tissues (growing a tooth from a bud)
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8
Q

metals are considered ___, ____, and ____

A

hard, ductile (tough), strong

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9
Q

ceramics are considered ___, ____ and ____

A

hard, brittle, strong

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10
Q

polymers are considered ____, ____, and ____

A

soft, ductile (tough), weak

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11
Q

____ and ____ have high processing temperatures

A

metals; ceramics

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12
Q

____ tend to have lower processing temperatures

A

polymers

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13
Q

polymers tend to be used as ____ processing materials

A

direct

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14
Q

metallic elements have ____ in their outer shell

A

1,2,3 electrons

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15
Q

____ are key to metallic bonds and are ____ bound to nucleus

A

electrons; loosely

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16
Q

electrons have free ____; ___ and ____ conductivity and ductility-bend without breaking

A

mobility; thermal and electrical

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17
Q

mixture of 2 or more metals

A

metal alloys

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18
Q

metal alloys include ___ and ____

A

cast metals for crowns; amalgams

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19
Q

pure metal is ____; atoms can slide

A

ductile

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20
Q

solid solution alloy is ____ but less _____

A

stronger; ductile

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21
Q

____ must be made to resist deformation; modified to impede dislocations

A

strengthening noble metals

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22
Q

noble metals include

A

Au, Ag, Pd, Pt

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23
Q

___ and ___ bonds are associated with ceramics

A

ionic; covalent

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24
Q

ionic and covalent bonds are ____ than metallic bonds

A

stronger

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25
Q

covalent bonds are ____ than ionic bonds

A

stronger

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26
Q

ionic bonds have an ____ and ____

A

electron donor; electron acceptor

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27
Q

covalent bonds have ____ shared electrons

A

equally

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28
Q

ceramics are a mixture of ___ and ____ elements

A

metallic; non-metallic

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29
Q

3 metallic oxides most common ceramics in dentistry

A

SiO2, Al2O3, K2O

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30
Q

____ is the building block

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

31
Q

most dental ceramics are ____ or _____

A

semicrystalline; polycrystalline

32
Q

SiO4 tetrahedron is the building block of ____

A

dental porcelain

33
Q

porcelain is primarily a ____ with some ____ residuals

A

glass; crystalline

34
Q

porcelain is processed by ____ or ____ at high temperatures

A

sintering; melting

35
Q

characteristic polymer bonds are ____ bonds with high _____; long molecules composed principally of ____ elements

A

covalent; molecular weight; nonmetallic elements (C, O, N, and H)

36
Q

polymers are ____ long chains like cooked spaghetti that derive strength and properties from the ____

A

entangled; entanglement

37
Q

polymerization process

A
  1. light activation of initiator molecule (I) to generate a free radical (R)
  2. initiation of a monomer to generate a free radical
  3. propagation of free radical with four monomers
  4. termination of free radical
38
Q

polymerization can be initiated by ____, ____, and ____

A

light; heat; chemical mixing

39
Q

a _____ utilizes light to generate a free-radical

A

visible light initiator

40
Q

free radicals will initiate _____

A

methacrylate polymerization

41
Q

_____ (yellow) absorbs visible light and interacts with ____ to generate free radicals

A

CQ ; DMAEMA

42
Q

four stages of chain reaction polymerization

A

activation- free radical initiation
initiation- free radical combination with monomer unit, double bond opening
propagation- chain growth, volume decrease, shrinkage
termination

43
Q

monomer functional groups

A

monomethacrylates- linear chains

dimethacrylates- branched and cross-linked

44
Q

polymerization allows for ____ processing for ____ placement

A

in vivo; direct

45
Q

metals are indirect placement with high processing temps, except ____

A

amalgam

46
Q

ceramics are indirect placement with high processing temps except _____

A

cements

47
Q

polymers are direct placement with low processing temps except _____

A

indirect composites

48
Q

uses of polymers in dentistry

A

provisionals (temporary crowns)
adhesives
restoratives
registration materials (impression materials)

49
Q

provisionals are ____

A

linear

50
Q

adhesives are ____

A

cross-linked

51
Q

restoratives are ____

A

cross-linked

52
Q

physical mixtures of metals, ceramics, and/or polymers

A

composites

53
Q

By knowing the phases present in the structure of any material and interfacial interactions, it is possible to predict the overall properties fairly well

A

rule of mixtures

54
Q

dental composite dispersed phase

A

glass fillers

55
Q

dental composite matrix phase

A

monomer resin

56
Q

fillers are chemically bonded to ____ phase to improve properties

A

resin

57
Q

what happens when you increase filler volume

A

increase strength, increase modulus, increase viscosity, decrease shrinkage

58
Q

what happens when you increase filler size

A

increase surface roughness

59
Q

filler types

A 
silicate glass (larger)
colloidal silica (smaller)
60
Q

filler amount

A

75-80 wt%

61
Q

mass property measured in weight/unit volume

A

density

62
Q

relative density or density of material/density of water

A

specific gravity

63
Q

most things ____ when heated and ____ when cooled (thermal expansion)

A

expand; contract

64
Q

thermal expansion measured in ____

A

LCTE (linear coefficient of thermal expansion)

65
Q

thermal expansion trend

A

ceramics < metals < polymers

tooth < amalgam < composite

66
Q

teeth are ____ due to high mineral content

A

insulators

67
Q

metals have high ____ so they need a ____ like base

A

thermal conductivity; thermal insulator

68
Q

composites have ____ thermal conductivity so they do not need an insulator base

A

low

69
Q

metal restorations conduct ____ while composites and ceramics are electrical ____

A

electricity; insulators

70
Q

optical properties include:

A

color, translucency, gloss, and surface texture

71
Q

3 dimensions of color

A

hue, value, and chroma

72
Q

2 objects that appear the same color under one light source and different under another light source; have different spectral characteristics

A

metamerism

73
Q

color is defined in a _____

A

3D coordinate system

Operative (7 decks)

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