Intro To Biomaterials Flashcards
What is a biomaterial?
A material used to be incorporated into the body for repairing, replacing, or assisting damaged, diseased, or missing tissues.
What fields does biomaterials science bridge?
Biology and material science, requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
Name one example of a common biomaterial used in skeletal repair.
Titanium plates and screws, often used for skull or bone repairs.
What are common materials used in hip replacements?
Metal alloys, such as titanium, and plastic liners.
How is synthetic bone created?
Using materials like hydroxyapatite, which mimics the structure of natural bone.
What is one major challenge when placing biomaterials in the body?
Preventing infection, particularly biofilm formation on the biomaterial surfaces.
What is a biofilm, and why is it problematic?
A biofilm is a community of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and resist immune responses and antibiotics.
Name one method used to make biomaterials resistant to microorganisms.
Surface modifications, such as adding antimicrobial agents or creating textures to prevent bacterial attachment.
How can light be used in biomaterials research?
Certain wavelengths can disinfect wounds, useful in non-sterile environments like battlefields.
What biomaterials are used to treat blocked arteries?
Stents (metal) and bypass grafts (often made from polymers like Dacron).
What is a pacemaker classified as, and why?
A biomaterial, because it is an inert device implanted in the body to regulate heart function.
What advancements are seen in the third-generation biomaterials?
Incorporation of capillaries, embedded cells, and advanced structures for enhanced functionality.
How is 3D printing revolutionizing biomaterials?
It enables personalized medicine by creating tailored implants and devices.
How do biomaterials contribute to tissue repair?
By providing support or scaffolding for tissue regeneration and replacing damaged tissues.
Why is an interdisciplinary approach important in biomaterials science?
It combines knowledge from engineering, biology, and material science to solve complex medical problems.
What is one innovative use of biomaterials in the skeletal system?
3D-printed scaffolds for bone repair that mimic natural bone structures.
How are biomaterials used in the cardiovascular system?
In applications like bypass grafts, stents to open arteries, and mechanical heart valves.
What are antibiotic beads used for in surgeries?
To combat infections by releasing antibiotics directly at the site of a biomaterial implant.
What material is commonly used in bone graft substitutes?
Hydroxyapatite, which has a similar composition to bone mineral.
What are the benefits of using titanium in implants?
High strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion in the body.
How do researchers combat biofilm formation on biomaterials?
By designing antimicrobial surfaces, such as textured patterns or coatings that repel bacteria.
What advancements are being made in personalized biomaterials?
3D printing customized implants tailored to individual anatomical needs.
Why are biofilms a significant issue in biomaterials?
They protect bacteria from antibiotics and immune responses, leading to persistent infections.
What is one physical modification to biomaterials to deter biofilms?
Incorporating micro-needle-like textures that puncture bacterial membranes.
What is the purpose of cement in joint replacements?
To secure implants like knee or hip replacements and ensure stability.
What is a common biomaterial used in pacemakers?
Biocompatible metals or polymers that are inert and resistant to bodily reactions.
What is an example of next-generation biomaterials?
Materials that integrate artificial capillaries and embedded cells for enhanced healing.
How are biomaterials contributing to regenerative medicine?
By developing scaffolds and systems that promote tissue regeneration and functionality.
