Intro to Biology (1) Flashcards
what are the principles of biology
- cells are simplest units of life
- living organisms use energy
- living organisms interact with their environment
- living organisms maintain homeostasis
- living organisms grow and develop
- the genetic material provides info for reproduction
- populations of organisms change over generations (evolution)
- all species are related by an evolutionary history
- structure determines function
- new properties of life emerge from complex interactions
- biology is an experimental science
- biology affects our society
what is the order of biological organization
atoms –> molecules –> cells –> tissues –> organs –> organism –> population –> community –> ecosystem –> biosphere
unity
all life displays a common set of characteristics (principles 1-8)
diversity
life takes many different forms in diverse environments
2 mechanisms of change
- vertical descent with modification
- horizontal gene transfer
vertical descent with modification
progression of changes in a lineage (new species evolve from pre-existing species)
tree of life
horizontal gene transfer
genetic exchange between different species
web of life
phylogeny
grouping species based on common ancestry
two branches of tree of life
bacteria and archaea/eukarya
genus species - binomial nomenclature
each species has a unique scientific name
genus name capitalized
species name lowercase
names italicized
population
same species, same environment
ex. poodles and labs
genome
complete genetic makeup of an organism
carry info to make proteomes
proteome
complete complement of proteins of an organism
cystic fibrosis
1 in every 3500 Americans, sticky mucus
primary sources
scientific literature
