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BIOCHEMISTRY LEC > INTRO TO BIOCHEM > Flashcards

INTRO TO BIOCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

Life depends on

A

biochemical reactions

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2
Q

Substance found within a living organism

A

Biochemical Substance

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3
Q

Biochemical Substance groups:

A

Bioinorganic
Bioorganic

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4
Q

Bioinorganic

A

water (2/3) and inorganic salts (4-5 %)

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5
Q

Bioorganic

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
(1/4 body mass)

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6
Q

Branches of Biochemistry

A

Medical Biochemistry
Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

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7
Q

Medical Biochemistry

A

human health and disease
Clinical chemistry
Methodology and interpretation of chemical tests (diagnosis and treatment)

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8
Q

Clinical laboratories, consults, diagnoses and treatment (metabolic disorders and biochemical
abnormalities)

A

Medical chemist

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9
Q

understanding the normal state of the body to identify abnormalities

A

Medical Biochemistry

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10
Q

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

A

Drug affect biochemistry and metabolism
Data of biochemistry and chemistry in medicine production
Science of medicine, clinical uses, adverse effects,
Chemical process associated with drug action

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11
Q

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Other coverage:

A

o Drug delivery
o Enzymology
o Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
o Clinical pharmacology

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12
Q

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Data on:

A

o Adverse effects
o Molecular targets
o Characterization of medicine or
different chemical substance

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13
Q

(heart of genetics)

A

Biochemistry of the nucleic acids

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14
Q

Traditional - noninfectious disease

A

normal flora

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15
Q

abnormal growth/population

A

Pathologic - infectious

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16
Q

Pharmacogenetics:

A

▪ Effects of genes on drug response
▪ Diagnostic clinical biochemistry laboratories
▪ Genetic factors - changes in drug metabolic rate

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17
Q

Study body functions

A

Physiology

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18
Q

in cancer cells

A

Oncogenes

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19
Q

involved in the control of normal cell growth

A

Molecular mechanisms

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20
Q

drug acting on a particular part or cell

A

molecular target/ specificity

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21
Q

determining what is the drug and its behavior

A

Characterization

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22
Q

Optimal way to absorb

A

Drug delivery

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23
Q

What the body does to the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

24
Q

What the drug does to the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

25
Q

Mechanism of action

A

Clinical Pharmacy

26
Q

the transformation of biomolecules

A

metabolize

27
Q

identifying genes to know which disease they are prone to

A

Gene Mapping

28
Q

the process by which dividing cells change their functional or phenotypical type.

A

Cell differentiation

29
Q

Immunochemical methods

A

Biochemical techniques

30
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

31
Q

any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

A

antigen

32
Q

a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances

A

antibody

33
Q

Chromosome involve in drug metabolism

A

CYP 450

34
Q

Immunology Biochemistry:

A

▪ Qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological fluids (blood, serum or plasma, urine, or tissues)
▪ Chemical constituents or physiologic processes
▪ Evaluation of immune factors
▪ Disease and assessment
▪ Transplant immunosuppression

35
Q

knowledge of biochemistry and physiology

A

Pharmacology

36
Q

Pharmacology Biochemistry:

A

• Rational treatments of diseases
• Fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases
• Patient response and efficacy of prescribed therapy

37
Q

Toxicology Four main roles:

A
  1. Routine examination of blood chemistry
  2. Metabolic fate of poisons
  3. Measurements which define at an early stage changes which indicate effects on
    particular organs
  4. Studies to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity
38
Q

Study of disease

A

Pathology

39
Q

Pathology Biochemistry:

A

▪ Fundamental causes, mechanisms and diagnoses of diseases
▪ Screening tests for the early diagnosis

40
Q

understanding, maintenance of health, and effective treatment

A

Physician

41
Q

Optimal dietary intake of a number of chemicals:

A

o vitamins
o amino acids
o fatty acids
o Minerals
o Water

42
Q

Basis of Disease Physical agents:

A

▪ Mechanical trauma
▪ Extremes of temperature
▪ Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure
▪ Radiation
▪ Electric shock

43
Q

Basis of Disease Chemical agents

A

▪ Toxic compounds
▪ Therapeutic drugs

44
Q

Basis of Disease Biologic agents:

A

▪ Viruses
▪ Bacteria
▪ Fungi
▪ Higher forms of parasites

45
Q

Basis of Disease Lack of Oxygen:

A

▪ Loss of blood supply
▪ depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
▪ poisoning of the oxidative enzymes

46
Q

Basis of Disease Genetic disorders:

A

Congenital,
molecular

47
Q

Basis of Disease Nutritional imbalances:

A

Deficiencies,
excesses

48
Q

Basis of Disease Immunologic reactions:

A

Anaphylaxis,
autoimmune disease

49
Q

Basis of Disease Endocrine imbalances:

A

Hormonal deficiencies,
excesses.

50
Q

Basis of Disease

A

Physical agents
Chemical agents
Biologic agents
Lack of Oxygen
Genetic disorders
Nutritional imbalances
Endocrine imbalances
Immunologic reactions

51
Q

Investigations and laboratory tests in relation to diseases

A
  1. To reveal the fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases
  2. To suggest rational treatments of diseases based on the fundamental causes and mechanisms of diseases
  3. To assist in the diagnosis of specific diseases
  4. To act as screening tests for the early diagnosis of certain diseases
  5. To assist in monitoring the progress (eg, recovery, worsening, remission, or relapse) of certain diseases
  6. To assist in assessing the response of diseases to therapy
52
Q

increase serum creatinine

A

kidney problems

53
Q

blood glucose level ↑ 120mg/dL

A

Diabetes mellitus

54
Q

blood thyroxine or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in neonatal → diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Neonatal screening

55
Q

conditions with severe consequences that is →
termination of pregnancy

A

Antenatal (prenatal) Screening:

56
Q

Polymers of amino acids

A

BIOCHEMISTRY LEC (6 decks)

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