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Biology Grade 12 Organic Chem > Intro to Bio Chem > Flashcards

Intro to Bio Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

what is with all this chem?

A
  • all living things are made from the same element
  • obey all laws of physics and chem
  • growth and maintain structure, response to stimuli, reproduction
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2
Q

what is metabolism

A

the sum of chemical reactions to produce energy (ATP) and other products to make life possible

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3
Q

How do thins like digestion, walking and talking happen?

A
  • chemical reactions occur in a controlled way
  • back to basics like cellular resperations and photosynthesis
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4
Q

What is Biochem?

A

the study of chemical process of living organisms

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5
Q

What is intramolecular bond and what are the 6?

A

Ionic, non polar, polar

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6
Q

What is Ionic, non polar and polar bonds?

A

Ionic - electrons are transferred from a non metal atom
Non polar - electrons are equally shared between two non metals
Polar - electros are unequally shared between two non metals

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7
Q

3 types of molecular bonding

A

london forces, dipole dipole forces, hydrogen bond

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8
Q

what is london forces?

A
  • weakest forces
  • formed by unequal distributions of electrons
  • not only the force of attraction between noble gases and molecules
  • small non polar molecules share because of weak attraction to make it hold together
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9
Q

What is dipole dipole forces?

A
  • hold polar molecules together
  • the slightly negative side end is attracted to the slightly positive side
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10
Q

What is hydrogen bond?

A
  • strongest bond
  • occurs between H in a polar molecule and another electronegative N,O and F of a neighboring polar molecule
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11
Q

Acids

A

Acids - donate a proton
- attracted to nearby electrons that are unshared

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12
Q

Bases

A
  • accepts a proton
  • dissaossiates to from a hydroxide ion
    strong bases - ionize directly to OH
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13
Q

Buffers, and why is it needed?

A

helps resist the change in PH of a solution
needed - to help maintain equilibrium and minamilizes changes in concentration
neutralise any acids or bases

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14
Q

Acids in living things
Bases in living things

A

Acids in living things contain the carboxyl group (R - COOH)
Bases in living things contain the Amino group (NH2) and the Bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

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15
Q

Most important buffer in the…

A

human blood and biological solutions are the
carbonic acid (H2CO3) and Bicarbonate ion buffer system (HCO)

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16
Q

Acids added to a solution

A

Increases in H
bicarbonate neutralizes any added acids
takes in an H
HCO3 + H = H2CO3

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17
Q

Bases added to a solution

A

Increases in OH
Carbonic acid neutralizes any added bases
Gives an H
H2CO3 + OH = HCO3 + H2O

18
Q

Biological Fluids

A

Ph = 7.5
smaller than 7.35 acidosis
bigger than 7.45 alkalosis

19
Q

Study of carbon

A
  • carbon forms large and complex molecules
  • rest of the cell if it is not water it is carbon bases
  • molecules that differ living matter are all made from carbon
20
Q

Carbon molecules

A

each carbon is bonded to 4 other atoms it has a tetrahedral shape
BUT when 2 carbon atoms are joined by a double bond the molecules has a flat shape

21
Q

What are the common elements to partner up with?

A

H O N C
building code that makes up living structures

22
Q

What is Carbon skeleton diversity?

A
  • use bonds to form an endless diversity of carbon skeletons
  • carbon chains form skeletons of most organic molecules
23
Q

2 types of formulas of an element

A

Molecular Formula:
Shows the elements and the number of atoms
Structural Formula:
graphic rep of the structure

24
Q

What are isomers?

A

compounds that are the same but different formula and properties

25
Q

3 types of isomers

A

Structural isomers
Geometric isomer
Enantiomer

26
Q

What is a Structural Isomer?

A

they have different covalent arrangements of atoms

27
Q

What is Geometic Isomer?

A

has to be double bonded to find the same covalent arrangements but different special spatual
Cis = the same
trans = across

28
Q

What is Enatiomer

A

mirror images from each other - due to the different spatial arrangements around asymmetrical carbon

29
Q

what is functional groups?

A
  • special groups of atoms that stick together attached to a carbon skeleton
  • number and arrangement of functional groups will give each molecule its unique property
30
Q

What is a linkage?

A
  • the functional group of organic molecules that react together to link themselves into large molecules
31
Q

what is dehydration synthesis?

A

or known as condensation reaction
- the process of forming linkages by a water molecule is removed

32
Q

What are the 3 types of linkage?

A

ether linkage, peptide linkage and ester linkage

33
Q

what is ether linkage?

A

reaction between two OH groups

34
Q

What is peptide linkage?

A

reaction between amino group and carboxyl group

35
Q

What is Esther linkage?

A

reaction between carboxyl and hydroxyl group

36
Q

Hydroxyl formula, name and found in

A

R-OH
Alcohol
Found in sugars, polar

37
Q

Carbonyl

A

R - C = O - H
Adlehyde
Found in sugars, polar
R - C = O - R
ketone

38
Q

Carboxyl

A

R - C = O - OH
carboxylic acid
Found in amino acids acts as a buffer and is a proton donor

39
Q

Amino

A

R - N - H - H
R - N - H - H - H
Amines
Found in amino acids acts as a buffer and is a proton donor

40
Q

Sulfhydro

A

R - SH
Thiols
forms disulfite bridges
found in proteins

Biology Grade 12 Organic Chem (4 decks)

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