Carbohydrates

Question 1

In organic molecules

Answer 1

• small simple molecules that lack C
  ex. CO2, NH3, H2

Question 2

Organic Molecules

Answer 2

• larger, complex bases on back bones of C atoms (always contain C as a major part of their structure)

Question 3

Macromolecules

Answer 3

• a polymer made from many similar building blocks called monomers
• a large variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers

Question 4

4 types of macromolecules

Answer 4

1. Carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleic acids

Question 5

Making and Breaking of Polymers

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis
- monomers are bonded together by a removal of an H2O
Hydrolysis
- decomposition of polymers the reverse of dehydration synthesis
Adds a water molecule breaking a bond

Question 6

What are monosaccharides

Answer 6

• found in aq soultions
• When form polymers from monomers the carbon numbers are important
• As number 6 is always the one that sticks out to the glucose

Question 7

what are disaccharides

Answer 7

• forms when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides
• bond is a called a glycosidic linkage
• since one carbon 1 and carbon 4 are joined it is called glycosidic linkage

Question 8

what are polysaccharides

Answer 8

starch: carbohydrates that plants make, amylose and amylopectin end up with a long chain and end up spiraling
- Glycogen found in liver and muscles cells in animals, a lot more branches
- Cellulose found in plants cell walls only 1-4 glycosidic linkage

Question 9

polysaccharides - starch

Answer 9

• When it branches off it is a 1-6 linkage
• Starch a energy storage molecule made from glucose monomers
• Plants store extra starch like granules in chloroplast and other plastids

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

• storage polysaccharide in animals because they branch off to store more glucose which gives them energy

Question 11

Structural polysaccharides - cellulose

Answer 11

cellulose is a major component of the tough wall and plant

Question 12

What is a glucose / b glucose

Answer 12

a glucose - OH at the bottom
b glucose - OH at the top

Question 13

Starch linkage / cellulose linkage

Answer 13

Starch: 1-4 linkage of a glucose monomer
Cellulose: 1-4 linkage of a b glucose monomer

Question 14

Chitin

Answer 14

cellulose with one hydroxyl group on each monomer substituted with an acetyl amine group
monomer = N - Acetylgucosamine