Intro to Bacteriology

Question 1

What is microbiology?

Answer 1

The study of microbes

Question 2

What are microbes?

Answer 2

• Organisms too small to be seen w/naked eye.
• Bacteria, fungi, & viruses are all microbes.

Question 3

The study of bacteria, fungi, & viruses is called what?

Answer 3

Bacteriology, Mycology (study of fungi), & Virology

Question 4

Family

Answer 4

Related genera

Question 5

Genus

Answer 5

Related species

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

Related strains

Question 7

Type

Answer 7

Sub-set of species

Question 8

Strain

Answer 8

One single isolated or line (Ex: E. coli, COVID)

Question 9

T/F: 70% of all bacteria are non-pathogenic

Answer 9

True!

Question 10

Non-pathogenic bacteria are… (3)

Answer 10

1. Helpful or harmless!
2. Non disease producing
3. May live on surface of skin

Question 11

What are ways are non-pathogenic bacteria helpful? (5)

Answer 11

1. Cause decay of refuse
2. Improve soil fertility
3. Metabolize food
4. Protect vs microorganisms
5. Stimulate immune response

Question 12

Pathogenic bacteria do & are what? (5)

Answer 12

1. Spread easily
2. Cause infection & disease
3. Live everywhere
4. Distinct shapes
5. Some produce toxins (botulism)

Question 13

What bacteria specific requirements should you keep in mind when collecting a sample? (5)

Answer 13

1. Temp
2. Distinct shapes
3. Some produce toxins
4. Spread easily
5. Live everywhere

Question 14

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

“Pro” Before
“Karyon” Nut or kernel
- No nucleus
- Do have cell walls, plasma membranes, & ribosomes

Question 15

Aerobes

Answer 15

Require oxygen

Question 16

Anaerobes

Answer 16

Require no oxygen

Question 17

Bacteria

Answer 17

Temperature requirements

Question 18

Nearly all bacteria that are pathogenic to animals grow best at what degree Celsius?

Answer 18

Body temp! 20 to 40 C

Question 19

What are the methods (or criteria) to characterize bacteria? (4)

Answer 19

1. Size
2. Shape
3. Arrangement
4. Chemical reactivity & staining characteristics

Question 20

Circular, spherical shaped bacteria

Answer 20

Coccus, Cocci

Question 21

Rods or cylinder shaped bacteria

Answer 21

Bacillus, Bacilli

Question 22

Loose, tight, comma shaped bacteria

Answer 22

Spirals

Question 23

Multiple shapes ranging from cocci to rods

Answer 23

Pleomorphic

Question 24

What arrangements can bacteria come in? (5)

Answer 24

1. Single
2. Pairs
3. Tetrads (Clusters or bunches)
4. Chains
5. Palisades (Chinese letter pattern)

Question 25

Should you refrigerate your sample?

Answer 25

No! Keep at room temp

Question 26

Factitious meaning to bacteria

Answer 26

Fussy, may not grow easily

Question 27

Transport media (3)

Answer 27

1. Designed to keep microbes alive.
2. Do not encourage growth & reproduction.
3. General nutrient agar for most bacteria types.

Question 28

General purpose media (2)

Answer 28

1. Sometimes referred to as nutrient media.
2. Not commonly used in ved med.

Question 29

Enriched media
Hint: The rich are high maintenance

Answer 29

1. Meet needs of fastidious pathogens.
2. Basic nutrient media w/extra nutrients added

Question 30

What are two types of enriched media?
What nutrients are added into the media?

Answer 30

1. Blood & chocolate agar
2. Blood, serum, egg

Question 31

Selective media

Answer 31

Encourages growth of a specific bacterial type.
- MacConkey agar

Question 32

Differential media

Answer 32

Helps identify specific species activity or color change

Question 33

Enrichment media
Hint: this is liquid

Answer 33

1. Extra nutrients are added to help certain fastidious bacteria.
   - OR -
2. May contain inhibitory sub suppress competitors