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Principles of disease AM > Intro to bacteria > Flashcards

Intro to bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

A

Allow for diffusion

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3
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall?

A

Structure and support

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4
Q

What is the main function of the capsule?

A

Defence mechanism

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5
Q

What is the main function of the flagellum?

A

Motility

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6
Q

What is the main function of the fimbriae?

A

Attachment

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7
Q

What is the structure of the gram positive cell wall?

A

Plasma membrane
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What is the structure of the gram negative cell wall?

A

Plasma membrane
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide

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9
Q

What is the function of penicillin binding proteins?

A

Synthesise peptidoglycans

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10
Q

What are peptidoglycan?

A

Carbohydrate polymers cross linked with 3-5 amino acids

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11
Q

What are the fimbriae and what is their structure?

A

Attachment pilus, thinner and shorter than the flagellum

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12
Q

What are spores?

A

Thick, protective cell wall that is resistant to changes is habitat

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13
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Circular, double stranded DNA molecule that can be transferred between bacteria

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14
Q

What is the pilus?

A

Thin, hair like projections used to join 2 bacterium for plasmid transfer

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15
Q

Between what types of bacteria is plasmid transfer most common?

A

Gram negative to negative
Gram positive to positive
Rarely negative to positive or vice versa

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16
Q

How does bacterial genetic material replicate?

A

Binary fission

17
Q

What processes are involved in the transfer of DNA?

A

Conformation
Transformation
Transduction

18
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

Virus that attacks bacteria and replicates within it

19
Q

How do bacteriophages work?

A

They inject genetic material or themselves enter the bacterial cell and integrate their DNA into the bacteria’s chromosome, utilising their cell resources to replicate

20
Q

What are the 2 cycles involved in bacteriophages and when are they used?

A

Lipid cycle- when bacteriophage enters bacteria

Lysogenic cycle- when genetic material is injected into the bacteria

21
Q

When can individual bacteria be seen?

A

x1000 oil immersion microscope and stain

22
Q

What are stains used to determine?

A

Whether bacteria are dead or alive

23
Q

What is contained in MacConkey’s agar?

A

Lactose, bile salt, crystal violet

24
Q

What shape are cocci?

A

Spherical

25
Q

What shape are bacilli?

A

Rod shaped

26
Q

How are strep grouped?

A

Chains

27
Q

How are staph grouped?

A

Clusters

Principles of disease AM (16 decks)

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