intro to autonomic nervous system

Question 1

system involved when fluid lost from body

Answer 1

SNS as pressure low, so HR increases to increase CO= MAP

Question 2

overview of autonomic nervous system (NOT RECEPTORS)

Answer 2

PNS is ACH and ACH

SNS is ACH to NA, or ACH to adrenal medulla, then A and NA in bloodstream, or ACH/ACH to sweat gland

Question 3

main difference between SNS and PNS

Answer 3

sns coordinated as 1 pre branches out, PNS discrete and localised, 1:1

Question 4

main similarity between ANS and somatic

Answer 4

ACH used, which control skeletal muscle

Question 5

overview of receptors for sweat gland and PNS

Answer 5

all preganglionic fibres for SNS/PNS release ACH to nicotinic receptor, then PNS organ and SNS organ like sweat gland has muscarinic receptor, as ACh released to it

Question 6

nicotinic vs muscarinic and what they stimulated by

Answer 6

nicotinic is ion channel linked (type 1 ionotropic)- fast to transmit impulse to next nerve- stimulated by ACH and nicotine

muscarinic are type 2 G protein, stimulated by ACH

Question 7

what would blocking nicotinic receptors do to HR at rest and exercise

Answer 7

both go up as para controls HR, but at exercise not as much

Question 8

types of muscarinic cholinoceptors

Answer 8

M1 is neural in forebrain from memory

M2 is cardiac in brain to inhibit autoreceptors

M3 is exocrine and smooth muscle in hypothalamus to control food intake

Question 9

summarise adrenoreceptors and what stimulated by

Answer 9

at all SNS effector organs apart from sweat glands, stimulates by noradrenaline

Type 2 G protein, where alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2

Question 10

synthesis and metabolism of ACH

Answer 10

acetyl coA and choline become ACH and COA by choline acetyl transferase

ACH package in vesicle, Ca2+ influx causes release into cleft

broken down in cleft by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetate

Question 11

synthesis and metabolism of NA, including ACH difference

Answer 11

tyrosine become DOPA then dopamine by tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase

then converted in vesicle into NA by dopamine beta hydroxylase

then taken up by 2 transporters, 1 takes it back, where its broken down by MAOA, 2 takes it to next synapse, where its broken down by COMT, so not metabolised in cleft like ACH