INTRO TO ARTHROLOGY Flashcards
What are the 3 types of joints based on type of tissue
Fibrous- bones connected by tissue
Cartilaginous- bones connected by cartilage
Synovial- articulating surfaces filled with fluid
What are the 3 types of join based on degree of movement
Synarthrosis- immovable
Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable
Diarthrosis- freely moveable
Explain some features of fibrous joints
Bones bounded by tough, fibrous tissue.
Found in joints that require strength and stability
There are 3 types- sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses
Explain the function sutures
Are immovable joints found in the flat bones of skulls that link adjacent the flat bones by a thin layer of sutural ligament. The flexibility of the sutures allow the bones to overlap so a babies head can pass through the birth canal
Explain the function of gomphoses
Immovable joints that join the teeth in their sockets by a strong periodontal ligament
Explain function of syndesmoses
Slightly movable joins that link two adjacent bones by a ligament. Interosseous membrane joins the radius and ulna
Explain the function of synchondroses
Its is a cartilaginous joint that separates two ossification centres at the head and bone of the shaft allowing bone growth longitudinally
Explain symphyses
It is a cartilaginous joint that interconnects two bones at the midline, example, pubic symphysis and vertebral joints
State the features of fibrous membrane in the joint capsule of synovial joints
Fibrous membrane is formed by a dense connective tissue that surrounds and stabilises a joint, part of it may thicken to form ligaments for further reinforcement
State features of the synovial membrane in the joint capsule of synovial
It is highly vascular and produces synovial fluid into the articular cavity. It also provides nutrition, lubrication and shock absorption
Explain hinge joints
Joints that allow movement in one axis transversely. Example, elbow joint can only flex or extend
Explain pivot joints.
Allow movement in one axis longitudinally along the shaft of the bone and allow rotation. Example atlanto axial joint.
Explain ball and socket joint
Allows movement around every axis such as flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction and rotation
Explain ellipsoid joints
Allow movement around two axes that are at right angle to each other, permit extension, flexion adduction, abduction, circumduction. Example, wrist joint.
Explain saddle joints
Allow movement around two axes right angle to each other. Permit flexion extension abduction adduction and circumduction. Example, carpometacarpal of the thumb