INTRO TO ARTHROLOGY Flashcards
What are the 3 types of joints based on type of tissue
Fibrous- bones connected by tissue
Cartilaginous- bones connected by cartilage
Synovial- articulating surfaces filled with fluid
What are the 3 types of join based on degree of movement
Synarthrosis- immovable
Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable
Diarthrosis- freely moveable
Explain some features of fibrous joints
Bones bounded by tough, fibrous tissue.
Found in joints that require strength and stability
There are 3 types- sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses
Explain the function sutures
Are immovable joints found in the flat bones of skulls that link adjacent the flat bones by a thin layer of sutural ligament. The flexibility of the sutures allow the bones to overlap so a babies head can pass through the birth canal
Explain the function of gomphoses
Immovable joints that join the teeth in their sockets by a strong periodontal ligament
Explain function of syndesmoses
Slightly movable joins that link two adjacent bones by a ligament. Interosseous membrane joins the radius and ulna
Explain the function of synchondroses
Its is a cartilaginous joint that separates two ossification centres at the head and bone of the shaft allowing bone growth longitudinally
Explain symphyses
It is a cartilaginous joint that interconnects two bones at the midline, example, pubic symphysis and vertebral joints
State the features of fibrous membrane in the joint capsule of synovial joints
Fibrous membrane is formed by a dense connective tissue that surrounds and stabilises a joint, part of it may thicken to form ligaments for further reinforcement
State features of the synovial membrane in the joint capsule of synovial
It is highly vascular and produces synovial fluid into the articular cavity. It also provides nutrition, lubrication and shock absorption
Explain hinge joints
Joints that allow movement in one axis transversely. Example, elbow joint can only flex or extend
Explain pivot joints.
Allow movement in one axis longitudinally along the shaft of the bone and allow rotation. Example atlanto axial joint.
Explain ball and socket joint
Allows movement around every axis such as flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction and rotation
Explain ellipsoid joints
Allow movement around two axes that are at right angle to each other, permit extension, flexion adduction, abduction, circumduction. Example, wrist joint.
Explain saddle joints
Allow movement around two axes right angle to each other. Permit flexion extension abduction adduction and circumduction. Example, carpometacarpal of the thumb
Explain plane joints
Allow sliding or gliding when one bone moves across the surface of another. Example, between tarsal bones and acromioclavicular jointd (the cap of the shoulder and the collar bone)
Explain bicondylar joints.
Allow movement mostly in one axis with limited rotation in the second axis. Example, knee joint
What are the 3 types of joint based on movement
Unaxial (movement in one plane), biaxial(movement in two planes), multiaxial (movement in multiple planes)
Explain the nerve supply of joints
Consists of sensory and autonomic fibers. The autonomic nerves control the dilation or constriction of blood vessels and sensory nerves of the articular capsule and ligaments provide proprioceptive feedback. The free nerve endings convey pain sensation.
Explain hiltons law
Articular nerves supplying a joint are branches of the nerves that supply the muscle responsible for moving that joint and the overlying skin (referred pain from joint to skin)
Explain blood supply of joints
Articular arteries that arise from the vessels around the joint which form a network ensuring a blood supply to and across the joint. Articular veins are communicating veins that are located mostly in the synovial membrane
What is bursa
A small sac filled with lubricating fluid located between bone and surrounding tissue,bones and tendons, and/or muscles around joints. They reduce friction and cushion that absorbs pressure.
What affects joint stability
Shape size and arrangement of articular surfaces
Ligaments
Tone of surrounding muscle
Explain rheumatoid arthritis.
The bodys immune system attacking the joint capsule
Explain gouty arthritis
Build of uric acid deposits tiny sharp crystals in and around the joints
Where is bursa usually found
In synovial joints between tendons and bones
What is the function of bursa deep in the tissues?
Reduce the friction of muscles
Whats the fxn of superficial bursa
Serves as a cushion to the bone
