Intro To Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the 5 mechanisms of antibiotics?

Answer 1

1. Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
2. Inhibiting cell membrane synthesis
3. Inhibiting protein synthesis (acting on ribosomes)
4. Acting on nucleic acids
5. Inhibition of a metabolic pathway

Question 2

Antibiotics that work on cell wall?

Answer 2

1. B-lactams
~ penicillins
~ cephalosporins
~ carbapenems
~ monobactam 

2. Vancomycin
3. -vancin

Question 3

Antibiotics that work on cell membrane?

Answer 3

• polymixin B
• daptomycin
• -vancin

Question 4

What is polymyxin B used for?

Answer 4

Used in combination for multi-drug resistant bacteria

Question 5

What are some examples of -vancins?

Answer 5

Dalbavancin

Telavancin

Question 6

What are the antibiotics that prevent protein synthesis? (Work on ribosome 30S)

Answer 6

30S:

Tetracyclines

Aminoglycosides

Question 7

What are the antibiotics that prevent protein synthesis? (Work on ribosome 50S)

Answer 7

50S:

Clindamycin

Linezolid

Macrolides

-pristin

Question 8

Antibiotics that act on nucleic acids?

Answer 8

Quinolones

Metronidazole/Tinidazole

Rifampin

Fidaxomicin

Rifamixin

Question 9

Antibiotics that inhibit folic acid synthesis?

Answer 9

• sulfonamides
• trimethoprim
• -dapson

Question 10

Dapson are drug of choice for?

Answer 10

• leprosy

- TB

Question 11

What is leprosy?

Answer 11

AKA Hansen’s disease

Chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, results in skin lesions and nerve damage 🐌

Question 12

Which antibiotics are hydrophilic?

Answer 12

B- lactams

Aminoglycosides

Polymixin B

Glycopeptides

Daptomycin

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Question 13

What are the characteristics of hydrophilic agents?

Answer 13

• low vd, low tissue penetration
• renal elimination (nephrotoxic, accumulate in the kidney)
• low intracellular concentration, not used against intracellular microbes
• in sepsis, they need a loading dose
• low bioavailability, IV:PO is not 1:1

Question 14

Which antibiotics are lipophilic?

Answer 14

• quinolones
• linezolid
• macrolides
• rifampin
• tetracyclines

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Question 15

What are characteristics of lipophilic drugs?

Answer 15

• high vd, good tissue pentration
• excellent bioavailability, IV:PO is 1:1
• hepatic elimination, hepatotoxic, many drug interactions
• in sepsis, no loading dose needed
• high intracellular concentration