Intro to Animal Systems

Question 1

What do heterotrophic organisms eat

Answer 1

Heterotrophic organisms eat varying amount of each of the macromolecules:
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fats or lipids

Question 2

Carbohydrates foods

Answer 2

Grains - pasta, oatmeal
Sweet foods - fruits, candy

Question 3

Carbohydrates functions

Answer 3

1) Energy sources: usually quick sources of energy that are easily digestible
2) Building materials: can make up structures that give support to cells
3) Cell surface markers: act like finger prints to make each cell unique

Question 4

Carbohydrates classifications

Answer 4

1) Monosaccharides
2) Disaccharides
3) Polysaccharides

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

Simple sugars - glucose, galactose & fructose

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

Sugars made up of two monosaccharides joined together

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides bonded together

Question 8

Protein foods

Answer 8

Meat, some vegetables, legumes, lentils, eggs, dairy nuts

Question 9

Protein functions

Answer 9

• Act like pores or channels that allow substances into and out of a cell membrane
• Act like chemical messengers to communicate between different parts of an organism
• Provide structural support to cells and organisms as a whole

Question 10

Amino acids

Answer 10

• The subunits that make up proteins.
• There are 20 different types of amino acids and 8 of which are called essential to the human diet.
• Many amino acids joined make up a protein (dipeptides, tripeptides and polypeptides)

Question 11

Lipids structural properties

Answer 11

• Hydrophobic (do not dissolve in water) with variable structures
• Made up primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 12

Lipids foods

Answer 12

Meats, Oils, Avocados, Nuts

Question 13

Dietary fats

Answer 13

• Most dietary fats are made up of a “glycerol” molecule attached to “fatty acids”
• These store energy.

Question 14

Harmful dietary fat

Answer 14

1) Saturated fat
2) Trans fat

Question 15

Saturated fat

Answer 15

• Fat that comes mainly from animal sources of food
• Can raise blood cholesterol levels
• Unsaturated fat is healthier than saturated

Question 16

Trans fat

Answer 16

• Most trans fats are made from oils through a processing method called partial hydrogenation
• Increase cholesterol
• increase your risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 17

Healthier dietary fat

Answer 17

• Monounsaturated fat
• Polyunsaturated fat
• Omega 3 fatty acids