Digestion Flashcards
Papillae (in mouth)
- pimple-like structures covering
the surface of the tongue - Taste buds
Uvula (in mouth)
- hangs from the middle of the back of the soft palate
- prevents food from entering the
nasopharynx area when swallowing
Nasopharynx
Passage way between mouth and nose
Salivary glands (in mouth)
- 2 parotids
- 2 sublingual
- 2 submandibular
- produces saliva to lubricate food
- contains Amylase (enzyme) which helps to digest disaccharides and starches
What kinds of muscles are in the esophagus?
circular and longitudinal
- these muscles cause peristalsis
Peristalsis
A series of normal coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions, that occurs automatically to move food through the digestive tract
mucin/mucous
a lubricant to aid in peristalsis
Esophageal/cardiac sphincter
(circular ring of muscle at bottom of esophagus)
Controls flow of food into stomach
Stomachs main function
Digests everything chemically and physically
Gastric Glands (stomach)
secrete gastric juices to aid in chemical digestion
How many layers are in the stomach?
3 layers
What occurs in these layers? (stomach)
- Mechanical breakdown of food
- makes food into chyme
(thick slushy liquid)
Pyloric Sphincter (circular ring of muscle at bottom of stomach)
controls flow of food leaving the stomach
How many layers does the small intestine have?
2 layers
Duodenum (small intestine)
- Where pancreatic & bile duct open up has circular folds
- site of chemical breakdown
JeJunum (small intestine)
breaks down remaining proteins
and carbohydrates so end products can be absorbed
Ileum (small intestine)
- absorb digested nutrients
- push remaining undigested food into large intestine
VillI & MicrovillI (small intestine)
high surface area for absorption
What are the 4 parts of the large intestine/colon
Ascending, Transverse, Descending and Sigmold colons
Function of the large intestine/colon
- Water and mineral absorption
- Bacteria produce vitamin B12, K, and some amino acids
Rectum
Stores waste
Anus
Controls waste elimination
Liver
- detoxifies & filters blood by altering dangerous chemicals into harmless ones
- produces various digestive enzymes
- bile helps in fat digestion
Pancreas
- sugar metabolism
- makes digestive juices to help duodenal digestion
Spleen
monitors the immune system and stores blood cells
Gall Bladder
stores bile that Is produced by the liver
Appendix
Harbors good bacteria
Chrohn’s disease
- an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract
- can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition
