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Pharmacy Technician > Intro To Anatomy & Physiology: The Body Systems > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy & Physiology: The Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

It includes the skin and many accessory structures in the skin, including the hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve receptors

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2
Q

What three layers make up the skin?

A

The epidermidis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layers.

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3
Q

What are some of the main functions of the integumentary system?

A

• waterproofing the body
• protecting the body from pathogens
• sensing touch
• synthesizing vitamin D
• regulating body temperature
• secreting oil for lubrication

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4
Q

What contributes to skin pigmentation?

A

Melanin in carotene are pigments that contribute to skin color. Additionally, the hemoglobin of the blood, emotions, diet, environmental factors, and other substances can impact skin color.

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5
Q

What is the muscular system what is its purpose?

A

The muscular system involves over 600 muscles of different shapes and sizes. The muscular system provides form, support, stability, and the ability to move.

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6
Q

What are the four different types of muscles?

A

Skeletal muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fibers, and smooth muscle fibers.

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers

A

Form the skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers

A

Form unique muscles of the heart, giving it the ability to beat independently.

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9
Q

Smooth muscle fibers

A

Form smooth muscles on the body, typically seen in organs and blood vessels.

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the muscular system?

A

• holding the body erect & posture
• generating heat
• moving food through the digestive system
• aiding the flow of blood
• moving fluids through the body

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11
Q

How many bones are in the skeletal system?

A

206

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12
Q

What are the names of the two skeletal divisions?

A

Axial and appendicular

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13
Q

What does the axial skeletal division consist of?

A

The skull, spinal column, hyoid (throat) bone, ossicles, and rib cage. 80 bones.

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14
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton division consist of?

A

Refers to the 126 bones of the upper and lower appendages.

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15
Q

What are the five different regions in the spinal column?

A

The cervical vertebrae, thoracic, vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.

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16
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7. The first 7 vertebrae protect the cervical spinal nerves of the neck

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17
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12. The next 12 vertebrae protect the spinal nerves of the thorax.

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18
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5. The next 5 vertebrae protect the spinal nerves of the lumbar region.

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19
Q

The sacrum

A

A slightly curved triangular, bony structure of the lower back formed by 5 vertebrae fused together

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20
Q

The coccyx

A

The tailbone. 3-5 vertebrae fused together

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21
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

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22
Q

What are joints?

A

Joints are articulations. This is where two or more bones join together.

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23
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Inflexible layers of dense, connective tissue that holds bones tightly together

24
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Allow only slight movement and connect bones with cartilage.

25
Q

Synovial joints

A

Where two bones connect to allow a wide range of motion.

26
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect one bone to another bone, or join bone and cartilage

27
Q

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

A

• form the framework of the body
• support the internal organs and structures

28
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

It produces hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

30
Q

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

Part of the nervous system that produces hormones

31
Q

Pineal glands

A

Secretes the hormone melatonin that influences a portion of the sleep cycle

32
Q

Thyroid/parathyroid glands

A

Regulates metabolism, PTH regulate the calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the blood

33
Q

Thymus gland

A

Secretes hormones that functions as a part of the immune system

34
Q

Pancreas

A

Functions in the endocrine and digestive system. In the endocrine system, the pancreas works to control blood glucose levels and glucose metabolism.

35
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Controls the electrolyte levels in the body

36
Q

Ovary

A

Shelter and protects the eggs. Produces female reproductive hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin.

37
Q

Placenta

A

Provides oxygen and nutrients from a mothers blood to the babies body, and removes waste from the babies blood.

38
Q

Testicle

A

Produces and stores sperm. Produces testosterone.

39
Q

The cardiovascular system

A

Consist of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood

40
Q

Arteries

A

Large blood vessels that always carry blood away from the heart.

41
Q

Veins

A

Large blood vessels that always carry blood to the heart.

42
Q

Arterioles

A

Arteries get smaller and smaller eventually becoming arterioles.

43
Q

Capsillaries

A

Tiny vessels; smallest in the body.

44
Q

Venules

A

Venules are smaller veins that link to capillaries

45
Q

The heart

A

A hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.

46
Q

Plasma

A

A straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products from metabolic reaction in the body

47
Q

Formed elements

A

These cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

48
Q

Erythrocytes

A

The red blood cells produce in the red bone marrow. They transport oxygen to tissues

49
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells and are components of the body’s immune system defending against pathogens and foreign substances.

50
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Known as platelets. Important in blood clotting

51
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Refers to flow of blood between the heart and lungs

52
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Refers to the flow of blood to all parts of the body

53
Q

What is a pulse?

A

Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery in the heart contracts

54
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.

55
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Occurs when the ventricles of the heart contract. Highest blood pressure of an artery wall.

56
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

When the ventricles relax. Lowest pressure of the artery wall.

Pharmacy Technician (14 decks)

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