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Anatomy Lab > Intro To Anatomy, Lab 1 > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy, Lab 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are Biological macromolecules?

A

Large organic molecules that are synthesized from smaller organic molecules.

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The science of the body structure

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2
Q

what are the four main groups of macromolecules?

A

proteins
lipids
polysaccharides
nucleic acids

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3
Q

what is a cell?

A

a unit of living matter surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane and capable of reproduction.

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4
Q

what is lumen?

A

is the inside space (hollow space) within a tubular organ that connects to another organ.

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5
Q

what is a mucous membrane (mucosa)?

A

the lining layer of the tubular organs of the visceral body systems.

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6
Q

what do mucous membranes consist of?

A

epithelium
connective tissue
most of the time muscle tissue as well

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7
Q

What is the Normal Anatomic Position? aka NAP (demonstrate)

A

a standardized body position

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8
Q

what is an organ?

A

a body structure composed of at least two different tissues

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9
Q

what is an organelle?

A

they are the “organs” of a cell.

structural subcomponents of a cell, like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, etc.

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10
Q

what is parenchyma?

A

the functional part of an organ

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11
Q

what is a plane?

A

a flat surface virtually passed through the body

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12
Q

define morphology

A

the structural design of the body

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13
Q

define serious membrane (serosa)

A

a thin transparent membrane formed of epithelium and connective tissue that lines the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

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14
Q

what is a sytem?

A

a group of organs that fulfills a specific function

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15
Q

how many system groups are in the human body?

A

12
5 visceral body systems
7 somatic body systems

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16
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

the science of classifying and naming plants and animals

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17
Q

what is a tissue?

A

a group of similar cells and their extracellular products

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18
Q

what the four basic tissues in the body?

A

muscle tissue
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue

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19
Q

Viscus (viscera=plural)

A

any organ that belongs to one of the visceral body systems.

  1. tubular in design
  2. mucous membrane lining
  3. one or more opening at the body surface
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20
Q

what subdivisions of anatomy will we be using in class?

A

gross anatomy
microscopic anatomy
systemic anatomy

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21
Q

define gross anatomy

A

body structure large enough to study without magnification

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22
Q

define microscopic anatomy

A

structures requiring magnification up to about 1000 times

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23
Q

define systemic anatomy

A

anatomy of the body divided into its organ systems

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24
Q

what is the best method of studying human anatomy?

A

dissection

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25
Q

what is the most common method and least invasive of studying anatomy?

A

palpation

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26
Q

what is auscultation and when would it be useful to use this method of studying anatomy?

A

evaluating structures by the sound that they make.

best use when studying; the heart, lungs, intestine, and in older people, joints.

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27
Q

what is percussion?

A

involves tapping on the body surface and listening to the noise that results

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28
Q

what is radiography?

its benefits and risks?

A

the science of using x-rays to produce radiographs

painless and noninvasive but have shown to be carcinogenic (cancer causing)

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29
Q

what is the best way to collect data that is the least invasive, that is painless and can produce a hard copy

A

MRI

but this is the most expensive form

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30
Q

The study of anatomy involves what 3 basic facets of information?

A

Name
Location
Function

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31
Q

What is the proper Anatomic nomenclature listed?

A

Nomina Anatomica

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32
Q

What are the 7 guidelines that are followed for naming an official nomenclature?

A

1-use a single or phrase
2-Latin on the official list
3-short and simple as possible (but retain instructional and discriptive)
4-easy to remember and above all, instructive and discriptive
5-structures that are closely related topographically should have similar names
6-differentiating objectives should generally be opposites
7-terms derived from proper names (people) should not be used

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33
Q

What does it me when body parts are ipsilateral to each other?

A

Their on the same side of the body

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34
Q

What is it when two body parts are contralateral to each other?

A

They are on opposite sides to each other

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35
Q

What are the five structural principles of morphology around which the body is organized?

A 
1- Tubulation
2- Stratification
3- Zygomorphism
4- Metamerism
5- Cavitation
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36
Q

Describe the structural principle of tubulation

A

Hollowness that continues from one organ to another

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37
Q

Define the structural principle of stratification

A

Structural layering

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38
Q

Define the structural principle of zygomorphism

A

Refers to bilateral symmetry

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39
Q

Define the structural principle of metamerism

A

Linear series of similar structures (ribs, vertebrae)

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40
Q

Define the structural principle of cavitation

A

Implies hollowness. Large spaces within various body regions.

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42
Q

Head

A

Caput

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43
Q

Cranium (the portion of the head that surrounds and houses the brain)

A

Cranium

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44
Q

Forehead

A

Frons

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45
Q

Occiput ( back of the head. Remember occipital lobe)

A

Occiput

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46
Q

Crown (point of the head)

A

Vertex

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47
Q

Temple

A

Tempus

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48
Q

Ear

A

Auris

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49
Q

Face

A

Facies

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50
Q

Eye

A

Oculus

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51
Q

Nose

A

Nasus

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52
Q

Mouth

A

Os

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53
Q

Cheek

A

Bucca

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54
Q

Chin

A

Mentum

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55
Q

Posterior aspect of the neck

A

Nucha

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56
Q

Anterior aspect of the neck

A

Cervix

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57
Q

Trunk

A

Truncus

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58
Q

Back

A

Dorsum

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59
Q

Thorax/chest

A

Thorax/pectus

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59
Q

Pelvis

A

Pelvis

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60
Q

Abdomen

A

Abdomen

62
Q

Superior limb

A

Membrum superioris

63
Q

Deltoid region/shoulder

A

Regio deltoideus

64
Q

Arm

A

Brachium

65
Q

Elbow

A

Cubitus

66
Q

Forearm

A

Antebranchium

67
Q

Hand

A

Manus

68
Q

Wrist

A

Carpus

69
Q

Metacarpus

A

Metacarpus

70
Q

Digits of the hand

A

Digiti manus

71
Q

First digit, thumb

A

Digitus primus, pollex

72
Q

Second digit, index finger

A

Digitus secundus, index

73
Q

Third digit, middle finger

A

Digitus tertius, digitus medius

74
Q

Fourth digit, ring finger

A

Digitus quartus, digitus anularis

75
Q

Fifth digit, little finger

A

Digitus quintus, digitus minimus

76
Q

Inferior limb

A

Membrum inferioris

77
Q

Hip

A

Coxa

78
Q

Thigh

A

Femur

79
Q

Knee

A

Genu

80
Q

Leg

A

Crus

81
Q

Foot

A

Pes

82
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsus

83
Q

Metatarsus

A

Metatarsus

84
Q

Digits of the foot, toes

A

Digiti pes

85
Q

First digit of the toes

A

Digitus primus, hallux

86
Q

Second digit of the toes

A

Digitus secundus

87
Q

Third digit of the toes

A

Digitus tertius

88
Q

Fourth digit of the toes

A

Digitus quartus

89
Q

Fifth digit of the toes

A

Digitus quintus, digitus minimus

89
Q

How many levels of structural organization within the body?

A

10

90
Q

Calf

A

Sura

91
Q

What is the first level of structural organization I the human body?

A

Subatomic particles and waves

92
Q

What are the highest four levels of an organism

A

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems

93
Q

What is a cell composed of?

A

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane

94
Q

What forms a tissue?

A

Groups of similar cells and their extracellular products

95
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

96
Q

What makes up an organ?

A

Parts of the body composed of two or more tissues

97
Q

What are groups of organs with structural and functional interrelationships?

A

Systems

98
Q

What are the 12 anatomical systems of the body

A 
1- Digestive system
2- respiratory system
3- urinary system
4- male reproductive system
5- female reproductive system
6- cardiovascular system
7- nervous system
8-skeletal system
9- muscular system
10- integumentary system
11- lymphatic system
12- endocrine system
99
Q

What does the digestive system consist of?

A

Oral cavity, teeth, tongue, gullet, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory digestive organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder)

100
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

101
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

102
Q

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

A

Testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, penis, and accessory sex glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands

103
Q

What does the female reproductive system consist of?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva

104
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood

105
Q

What consist of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors

106
Q

What consists of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries, thymus, spleen, tonsils, and subepithelial aggregations of lymphatic nodules

107
Q

What consist of the endocrine system

A

Hormone producing organs and cells

Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands

108
Q

What consist of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails

109
Q

What consists of the muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles

110
Q

What consists of the skeletal system

A

Bones, joints, ligaments

111
Q

What somatic body system has mucous membrane?

A

Nervous system

112
Q

-ology

A

The the study of

113
Q

-ist

A

Medical specialist

114
Q

-osis

A

Non-specific condition of an organ or body part

115
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation of a body structure

116
Q

-otomy

A

Is an incision into a body part

117
Q

-ectomy

A

Designates removal of a structure

118
Q

-oma

A

Indicates a tumor

119
Q

-algia

A

Associate pain

120
Q

Medial

A

toward or relatively closer to the median plane

121
Q

lateral

A

away from or relatively farther from the median plane

122
Q

anterior

A

toward or relatively closer to the front side of the body

123
Q

posterior

A

toward or relatively closer to the backside of the body

124
Q

superior

A

toward or relatively closer to the top of the head

125
Q

Inferior

A

away from or relatively farther from the top of the head

126
Q

proximal

A

toward or relatively closer to a reference point.
when used on a limb, proximal has the same general meaning as superior
(ON A FOOT ITS THE EQUIVALENT TO POSTERIOR)

127
Q

distal

A

away from or relatively farther from a reference point.
the equivalent to inferior on a limb
(ON A FOOT IT IS THE EQUIVALENT TO ANTERIOR)

128
Q

superficial/external

A

near or relatively closer to the outer aspect (surface) of the body.

129
Q

Deep/internal

A

near or relatively closer to the central aspect of the body or parts

130
Q

dorsal

A

toward or relatively closer to the back
the equivalent as posterior
(ON A FOOT IT IS THE SUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE FOOT)

131
Q

ventral

A

toward or relatively closer to the “belly”(the underside of an organ)

132
Q

Palmar

A

toward or relatively closer to the anterior aspect of the hand
anterior

133
Q

plantar

A

toward or relatively closer to the sole

inferior

134
Q

middle

A

a position between superior/inferior, anteior/posterior, proximal/distal or superficial/deep.

135
Q

intermediate

A

a side-to-side position between medial and lateral structures.

136
Q

radial/ulnar

A

radial implies toward or relatively closer to the lateral aspect of the entire superior limb
ulnar implies to the medial aspect

137
Q

tibial/fibular

A

Tibial implies toward or relatively closer to the medial side of the inferior limb.
Fibular implies the lateral aspect

138
Q

longitudinal

A

parallel to the long axis of an elongated structure

139
Q

transverse

A

perpendicular to the long axis of an elongated struture

140
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

141
Q

contralateral

A

a position on the opposite side of the body

142
Q

right

A

dexter

143
Q

left

A

sinister

144
Q

central

A

centralis

145
Q

peripheral

A

peripheralis

146
Q

vertical

A

verticalis

147
Q

horizonatal

A

horizontalis

148
Q

the human body can be topographically divided in how many parts? name them

A 
5
caput-head
collum-neck
truncus-trunk
membrum superioris- superior limb
membrum inferioris- inferior limb
149
Q

What are the taxonomic ranks?

A

DONKEY KONG PLEASE COME OUT FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI

DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

150
Q

What is mankind taxonomical name?

A

ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA PRIMATES HOMONIDAE HOMO SAPIENS

Anatomy Lab (4 decks)

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