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Anatomy Lab > Intro To Anatomy, Lab 1 > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy, Lab 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are Biological macromolecules?

A

Large organic molecules that are synthesized from smaller organic molecules.

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The science of the body structure

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2
Q

what are the four main groups of macromolecules?

A

proteins
lipids
polysaccharides
nucleic acids

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3
Q

what is a cell?

A

a unit of living matter surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane and capable of reproduction.

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4
Q

what is lumen?

A

is the inside space (hollow space) within a tubular organ that connects to another organ.

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5
Q

what is a mucous membrane (mucosa)?

A

the lining layer of the tubular organs of the visceral body systems.

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6
Q

what do mucous membranes consist of?

A

epithelium
connective tissue
most of the time muscle tissue as well

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7
Q

What is the Normal Anatomic Position? aka NAP (demonstrate)

A

a standardized body position

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8
Q

what is an organ?

A

a body structure composed of at least two different tissues

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9
Q

what is an organelle?

A

they are the “organs” of a cell.

structural subcomponents of a cell, like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, etc.

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10
Q

what is parenchyma?

A

the functional part of an organ

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11
Q

what is a plane?

A

a flat surface virtually passed through the body

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12
Q

define morphology

A

the structural design of the body

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13
Q

define serious membrane (serosa)

A

a thin transparent membrane formed of epithelium and connective tissue that lines the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

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14
Q

what is a sytem?

A

a group of organs that fulfills a specific function

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15
Q

how many system groups are in the human body?

A

12
5 visceral body systems
7 somatic body systems

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16
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

the science of classifying and naming plants and animals

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17
Q

what is a tissue?

A

a group of similar cells and their extracellular products

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18
Q

what the four basic tissues in the body?

A

muscle tissue
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue

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19
Q

Viscus (viscera=plural)

A

any organ that belongs to one of the visceral body systems.

  1. tubular in design
  2. mucous membrane lining
  3. one or more opening at the body surface
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20
Q

what subdivisions of anatomy will we be using in class?

A

gross anatomy
microscopic anatomy
systemic anatomy

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21
Q

define gross anatomy

A

body structure large enough to study without magnification

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22
Q

define microscopic anatomy

A

structures requiring magnification up to about 1000 times

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23
Q

define systemic anatomy

A

anatomy of the body divided into its organ systems

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24
what is the best method of studying human anatomy?
dissection
25
what is the most common method and least invasive of studying anatomy?
palpation
26
what is auscultation and when would it be useful to use this method of studying anatomy?
evaluating structures by the sound that they make. | best use when studying; the heart, lungs, intestine, and in older people, joints.
27
what is percussion?
involves tapping on the body surface and listening to the noise that results
28
what is radiography? | its benefits and risks?
the science of using x-rays to produce radiographs | painless and noninvasive but have shown to be carcinogenic (cancer causing)
29
what is the best way to collect data that is the least invasive, that is painless and can produce a hard copy
MRI | but this is the most expensive form
30
The study of anatomy involves what 3 basic facets of information?
Name Location Function
31
What is the proper Anatomic nomenclature listed?
Nomina Anatomica
32
What are the 7 guidelines that are followed for naming an official nomenclature?
1-use a single or phrase 2-Latin on the official list 3-short and simple as possible (but retain instructional and discriptive) 4-easy to remember and above all, instructive and discriptive 5-structures that are closely related topographically should have similar names 6-differentiating objectives should generally be opposites 7-terms derived from proper names (people) should not be used
33
What does it me when body parts are ipsilateral to each other?
Their on the same side of the body
34
What is it when two body parts are contralateral to each other?
They are on opposite sides to each other
35
What are the five structural principles of morphology around which the body is organized?
``` 1- Tubulation 2- Stratification 3- Zygomorphism 4- Metamerism 5- Cavitation ```
36
Describe the structural principle of tubulation
Hollowness that continues from one organ to another
37
Define the structural principle of stratification
Structural layering
38
Define the structural principle of zygomorphism
Refers to bilateral symmetry
39
Define the structural principle of metamerism
Linear series of similar structures (ribs, vertebrae)
40
Define the structural principle of cavitation
Implies hollowness. Large spaces within various body regions.
42
Head
Caput
43
Cranium (the portion of the head that surrounds and houses the brain)
Cranium
44
Forehead
Frons
45
Occiput ( back of the head. Remember occipital lobe)
Occiput
46
Crown (point of the head)
Vertex
47
Temple
Tempus
48
Ear
Auris
49
Face
Facies
50
Eye
Oculus
51
Nose
Nasus
52
Mouth
Os
53
Cheek
Bucca
54
Chin
Mentum
55
Posterior aspect of the neck
Nucha
56
Anterior aspect of the neck
Cervix
57
Trunk
Truncus
58
Back
Dorsum
59
Thorax/chest
Thorax/pectus
59
Pelvis
Pelvis
60
Abdomen
Abdomen
62
Superior limb
Membrum superioris
63
Deltoid region/shoulder
Regio deltoideus
64
Arm
Brachium
65
Elbow
Cubitus
66
Forearm
Antebranchium
67
Hand
Manus
68
Wrist
Carpus
69
Metacarpus
Metacarpus
70
Digits of the hand
Digiti manus
71
First digit, thumb
Digitus primus, pollex
72
Second digit, index finger
Digitus secundus, index
73
Third digit, middle finger
Digitus tertius, digitus medius
74
Fourth digit, ring finger
Digitus quartus, digitus anularis
75
Fifth digit, little finger
Digitus quintus, digitus minimus
76
Inferior limb
Membrum inferioris
77
Hip
Coxa
78
Thigh
Femur
79
Knee
Genu
80
Leg
Crus
81
Foot
Pes
82
Ankle
Tarsus
83
Metatarsus
Metatarsus
84
Digits of the foot, toes
Digiti pes
85
First digit of the toes
Digitus primus, hallux
86
Second digit of the toes
Digitus secundus
87
Third digit of the toes
Digitus tertius
88
Fourth digit of the toes
Digitus quartus
89
Fifth digit of the toes
Digitus quintus, digitus minimus
89
How many levels of structural organization within the body?
10
90
Calf
Sura
91
What is the first level of structural organization I the human body?
Subatomic particles and waves
92
What are the highest four levels of an organism
Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems
93
What is a cell composed of?
Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane
94
What forms a tissue?
Groups of similar cells and their extracellular products
95
What are the four basic types of tissue?
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue
96
What makes up an organ?
Parts of the body composed of two or more tissues
97
What are groups of organs with structural and functional interrelationships?
Systems
98
What are the 12 anatomical systems of the body
``` 1- Digestive system 2- respiratory system 3- urinary system 4- male reproductive system 5- female reproductive system ``` ``` 6- cardiovascular system 7- nervous system 8-skeletal system 9- muscular system 10- integumentary system 11- lymphatic system 12- endocrine system ```
99
What does the digestive system consist of?
Oral cavity, teeth, tongue, gullet, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory digestive organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder)
100
What does the respiratory system consist of?
Nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
101
What does the urinary system consist of?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
102
What does the male reproductive system consist of?
Testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, penis, and accessory sex glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands
103
What does the female reproductive system consist of?
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva
104
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
105
What consist of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors
106
What consists of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries, thymus, spleen, tonsils, and subepithelial aggregations of lymphatic nodules
107
What consist of the endocrine system
Hormone producing organs and cells | Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands
108
What consist of the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails
109
What consists of the muscular system
Skeletal muscles
110
What consists of the skeletal system
Bones, joints, ligaments
111
What somatic body system has mucous membrane?
Nervous system
112
-ology
The the study of
113
-ist
Medical specialist
114
-osis
Non-specific condition of an organ or body part
115
-itis
Inflammation of a body structure
116
-otomy
Is an incision into a body part
117
-ectomy
Designates removal of a structure
118
-oma
Indicates a tumor
119
-algia
Associate pain
120
Medial
toward or relatively closer to the median plane
121
lateral
away from or relatively farther from the median plane
122
anterior
toward or relatively closer to the front side of the body
123
posterior
toward or relatively closer to the backside of the body
124
superior
toward or relatively closer to the top of the head
125
Inferior
away from or relatively farther from the top of the head
126
proximal
toward or relatively closer to a reference point. when used on a limb, proximal has the same general meaning as superior (ON A FOOT ITS THE EQUIVALENT TO POSTERIOR)
127
distal
away from or relatively farther from a reference point. the equivalent to inferior on a limb (ON A FOOT IT IS THE EQUIVALENT TO ANTERIOR)
128
superficial/external
near or relatively closer to the outer aspect (surface) of the body.
129
Deep/internal
near or relatively closer to the central aspect of the body or parts
130
dorsal
toward or relatively closer to the back the equivalent as posterior (ON A FOOT IT IS THE SUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE FOOT)
131
ventral
toward or relatively closer to the "belly"(the underside of an organ)
132
Palmar
toward or relatively closer to the anterior aspect of the hand anterior
133
plantar
toward or relatively closer to the sole | inferior
134
middle
a position between superior/inferior, anteior/posterior, proximal/distal or superficial/deep.
135
intermediate
a side-to-side position between medial and lateral structures.
136
radial/ulnar
radial implies toward or relatively closer to the lateral aspect of the entire superior limb ulnar implies to the medial aspect
137
tibial/fibular
Tibial implies toward or relatively closer to the medial side of the inferior limb. Fibular implies the lateral aspect
138
longitudinal
parallel to the long axis of an elongated structure
139
transverse
perpendicular to the long axis of an elongated struture
140
ipsilateral
same side of the body
141
contralateral
a position on the opposite side of the body
142
right
dexter
143
left
sinister
144
central
centralis
145
peripheral
peripheralis
146
vertical
verticalis
147
horizonatal
horizontalis
148
the human body can be topographically divided in how many parts? name them
``` 5 caput-head collum-neck truncus-trunk membrum superioris- superior limb membrum inferioris- inferior limb ```
149
What are the taxonomic ranks?
DONKEY KONG PLEASE COME OUT FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
150
What is mankind taxonomical name?
ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA PRIMATES HOMONIDAE HOMO SAPIENS

Anatomy Lab (4 decks)

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