Cytology, Lab 2

Question 0

define carbohydrate

Answer 0

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 1

define active transport

Answer 1

a membrane transport mechanism requiring energy whereby chemical entities can be moved against the concentration gradient.
active transport requires carrier molecules and is powered by ATP.

Question 2

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 2

simple carbohydrates that are joined by dehydration synthesis to form long chains of polysaccharides

Question 3

define cell division

Answer 3

the dividing of a single cell to form two new (daughter) cells.

Question 4

define cytokinesis

Answer 4

the cell division event wherein the cell membrane invaginates around two newly formed nuclei to form two separate cells

Question 5

define cytoplasm

Answer 5

collective term for the fluid and organelles located between the cell membrane and nucleus
fluid alone is called cytosol

Question 6

define Dehydration synthesis

Answer 6

the process wherein simple organic compounds are chemically combined to form biological macromolecules

Question 7

define differentiation

Answer 7

progression from less specialized cell types to more specialized ones.
(ex. stem cells)

Question 8

define diffusion

Answer 8

random movement of chemical entities from higher to lower areas of concentration

Question 9

define diploid

Answer 9

the full chromosomal set of regular body cells as opposed to the halve chromosomal number present in sex cells.

Question 10

define haploid

Answer 10

half of the full set of chromosomes in the human body. “half”. usually referred to sex cells.

Question 11

define endocytosis

Answer 11

cellular engulfment of partiulate matter (phagcytosis) or a liquid droplet (pinocytosis) by surrounding the material with cell membrane.

Question 12

define lipid

Answer 12

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is insoluble in water.

Question 13

what are the four main groups of lipids?

Answer 13

glycerides
steroids
prostaglandins
phospholipids

Question 14

define meiosis

Answer 14

the nuclear event associated with gametogenesis (formation of sperm and ova)

 these are for sex chromosomes (haploid)

Question 15

define mitosis

Answer 15

nuclear part of regular cell division

diploid

Question 16

what are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 16

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 17

define nucleic acid

Answer 17

biological macromolecules composed of nucleotide subunits

Question 18

define replication

Answer 18

nucleic acid synthesis wherein DNA is used as a pattern to form more DNA

Question 19

define ribosome

Answer 19

the organelle formed of protein and ribosomal RNA that serves as the site of protein synthesis

Question 20

define transcription

Answer 20

nucleic acid synthesis wherein one strand of a DNA molecule is used as a pattern for the formation of RNA

Question 21

what are three major kinds of RNA

Answer 21

transfer RNA (tRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 22

define translation

Answer 22

protein synthesis= peptide bond formation= using all three types of RNA to manufacture protein.

Question 23

What is cytology?

Answer 23

The study of cells

Question 24

What are tissues?

Answer 24

Groups of identical or related cells and their extracellular products

Question 25

What is histology?

Answer 25

The study of tissues

Question 26

How many major levels of organization in living organisms are there?

Answer 26

10

Question 27

Name the 10 major levels of organization in a living organism?

Answer 27

``` Subatomic particles and waves Elements Inorganic compounds Organic compounds Biological macromolecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Systems ```