Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Define responsiveness
reaction to a change inside or outside the body
List the six items necessary for the maintenance of life.
water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure, homeostasis
What is negative feedback?
the effects of a reaction slow/stop the reaction–body temp is high so you sweat to lower the temp
Define homeostasis.
maintenance of a stable internal environment
Explain anatomical position of the human body.
standing straight with palms forward
What is the homeostatic mechanism, and give an example.
regulates the body temp to 98.6
What is a serous membrane?
2 layers of tissue, with a cavity between, lines compartments in ventral body cavity
Know the difference between visceral and parietal in dealing with membranes within the body.
Parietal-outermost layer then cavity then visceral- layer covering the organ
The terms used when dealing with the following organs: lungs and heart.
pleura- lungs
pericardium-heart
Define anatomy, physiology.
anatomy-study of body structure physiology- study of function of body parts
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton
axial- head, neck, trunk
appendicular- upper and lower limbs
Thoracic body cavity
space above diaphragm
Abdominal body cavity
stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney, intestines
pelvic body cavity
enclosed by coxal bones, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
transverse plane
divides into superior and inferior
sagittal plane
lengthwise cut divides body into left and right portions
frontal and coronal plane
divides body into anterior and posterior portions
anterior
front
posterior
back
superior
above
inferior
below
medial
towards midline
lateral
farther from midline
proximal
close to point of attachment (limbs)
distal
away from point of attachment (limbs)
superficial
near the surface
What are the levels of organization within the human body (smallest to largest)? (9)
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The changing of absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered body fluids is known as?
assimilation
