Intro to anaesthesia

Question 1

anaesthetic triad

Answer 1

anaesthesia (unconciousness)
anaglesia
muscle relaxation

NB anaesthetics as in the speciality includes all of these but anaesthesia itself is reversible unconsciousness

Question 2

phases of GA

Answer 2

induction, maintenance, emergency

Question 3

when are muscle relaxants used

Answer 3

dependent on whether pt is going to spontaneously breathe

if muscle relaxants sed -> must be ventilated

Question 4

at what GCS is a pt unable to maintain airway

Answer 4

<8

Question 5

head movements taht maintain airway

Answer 5

head tilt/chin lift

jaw thrust

Question 6

airway management options

Answer 6

oropharyngeal (guedel)
supraglottic devices
intubation

Question 7

what is an example of a suprglottic device

Answer 7

laryngeal mask airway (LMA). thing that sits just above the vocal cords that was revolutionary to anaesthesia

Question 8

what tube is used in intubation

Answer 8

endotracheal

Question 9

types of regional anaesthesia

Answer 9

spinal
epidural
peripheral nerve blocks

Question 10

benefits of regional anesthesia

Answer 10

able to be awake
avoids aiarway problems
less N&V
better periop pain control

Question 11

life threatening chest injuries which you should look for in aBcde

Answer 11

Tension pneumothorax
Haemopneumothorax
Flail chest
Open pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade

Question 12

what is flail chest

Answer 12

life-threatening
two or more contiguous ribs are# in 2 places -> becomes detached from rest of chest
high impact trauma
almost always associated with pulmonary contusion
pneumothorax
haemothorax

Question 13

definitive rx of bleeding

Answer 13

SURGERY!!! (inform the surgeons) - could be radiology

? ITU

Question 14

AP compression of pelvis can result in

Answer 14

open book #
back of pelvis and front of pelvis both fracture
the front pulls away more than the back - pelvis opens like a book with hinge at back and opening at front

Question 15

what is a vertical shear fracture

Answer 15

Unstable ipsilateral anterior and posterior fractures of the pelvic ring, with resultant superior displacement of one hemipelvis

Question 16

assessing a c spine xray

Answer 16

ABCS
alignment
bones
cartilage
soft tissue

posterior and anterior veebral lines hsould be straight

Question 17

what is a jefferson #

Answer 17

fracture of C1

Question 18

what is a flexion tear drop fracture

Answer 18

small piece of anterior inferior part of vetebral body gets pulled off anteriorly
caused by extreme hyperextension

Question 19

how to calculate how much fluid to give per day

Answer 19

100/50/20

(100 ml for each of the first 10kg) + ( 50ml for each kg 11-20) + (20 ml for each additional kg) / 24hour

30 mls/kg???