Intro to A&P Quiz Flashcards
definition of anatomy
the study of the STRUCTURE of an organism
definition of physiology
the study of how that organism’s body FUNCTIONS
Levels of Organization: Can you arrange a list in order of the levels from smallest to largest?
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
integumentary system
organs: skin
function: a barrier to protect deeper tissues; regulates temperature; controls water loss
nervous system
organs: brain, sensory receptors, spinal chord, nerves
function: control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles of glands
skeletal system
organs: cartilage, joints, bones
function: protects/supports the body’s organs; provides a framework for muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed here; stores minerals
endocrine system
organs: pineal gland (in the brain), pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testis, ovaries
function: glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells
muscular system
organs: skeletal muscles
function: allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion for the whole body, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat
cardiovascular system
organs: heart, blood vessels
function: blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood
lymphatic system
organs: thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
function: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity
respiratory system
organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, left lung
function: keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the air sacs of the lungs
digestive system
organs; oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
function: breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foods are eliminated in feces
urinary system
organs: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
function: eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
Necessary Life Functions: What are the necessary life functions?
Maintaining boundaries (keeping some substances in and keeping others out)
movement (internal movements like digestive contractions and the ability to move through surroundings)
responsiveness (sensing and reacting to changes in the environment)
digestion (breaking down and absorbing nutrients)
metabolism (building smaller molecules into larger ones-anabolism, and breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones-catabolism)
excretion (removal of wastes like urine or sweat)
reproduction (production of offspring)
growth (increase in cell size or overall body size)
Survival Needs: Identify the 5 survival needs.
nutrients
oxygen
normal body temperature
water
normal atmospheric pressure
