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Renal > intro phisiology > Flashcards

intro phisiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the processes of the nephron?

A

Filtration
at the glomerulus

Reabsorption
from tubule lumen
into blood

Secretion
from blood/cells
into tubule lumen

Excretion
from body as part
of urine

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2
Q

What is molecules are diffused frothe glomerulus to the bowmans capsule?

A

most inorganic ions and
low molecular weight organic solutes is the
same as in plasma

no protein or diavalent molecules

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3
Q

What decides GF flow into bowmans capsule? What is the equation?

A

Net filtration pressure

NFP = [(HPgc + OPcs) – (HPcs + OPgc)]

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4
Q

What is GFR? what is noral GFR?

A

GFR = volume of fluid filtered into all the Bowman’s capsules of both kidneys
per unit time

125 ml / min [~1 can of Coke® every 3 minutes!]
180 L / day [volume of blood is only ~5L…]

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5
Q

What is Filtration fraction eqal to?

A

Filtration Fraction (FF) = GFR/RPF

RPF= Renal plasma flow

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6
Q

How much of filtrate volume is excreted?

A

1%

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7
Q

What is concentration in renal physio?

A

Concentration = Quantity / Volume

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8
Q

What is the filtered load? what is it equal to?

A

Defined as the amount (mass quantity) of a substance that is filtered across all the glomeruli per unit time how much is going into the nephron

 Filtered load = plasma concentration x GFR

(quantity / time) = (quantity / volume) x (vol / time)

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9
Q

What is renal handling?

A

Renal handling* of any substance refers to some combination of the basic renal processes

How much is ultimately being excreted?

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10
Q

How is quantity of solute excreted determined?

A

Filtered load (F) - quantity reabsorbed (R) + quantity secreted (S)= quantity of solute excreted (E)

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11
Q

How To Determine If A Solute Molecule That Was Filtered Was Also Reabsorbed Or Secreted…

A

Is quantity excreted < quantity filtered?
Net reabsorption of the solute x

Is quantity excreted > quantity filtered?
Net secretion of the solute x

Is quantity excreted = quantity filtered?
No net reabsorption or secretion of solute x

Compare the Quantity Filtered and
the Quantity Excreted:
Quantity filtered = [x]pl x GFR

Quantity excreted = [x]ur x V

[x]pl = plasma concentration, mg/ml
[x]ur = urine concentration, mg/ml
V: urine flow rate, ml/min

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12
Q

What is the function of the nephron?

A

Main function is to recover (reabsorb) most of solutes and water filtered at glomerulus

secretes a variety of ions and solutes (“wastes”)

Transepithelial transport!

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13
Q

What is the function of the PCT?

A

Obligatory salt and water reabsorption

Reabsorbs essentially all the filtered organic nutrients

Secretes H+/Reabsorbs HCO3-

Secretes organic ions
Secretes ammonia (NH3)
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14
Q

Which channels are found in the PCT?

A

AQP1
SGLT 1/2 (GLUT2)
NHE3

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15
Q

What is the function AQP1 in the PCT?

A

Reabsorbs most of the filtered H2O, Na+(Cl-), HCO3-, K+,

Ca++, PO42-, urea

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16
Q

What is the function of SGLT 1/2 (Glut 2) in PCT?

A

Reabsorbs essentially all the filtered organic nutrients

17
Q

What is the function of NHE3 in PCT/

A

Secretes H+/Reabsorbs HCO3-

18
Q

What is the function of loop of henle?

A

Continue obligatory water and
salt reabsorption*

Plays key role in developing medullary osmotic gradient**

Differential permeabilities in descending vs ascending limbs

19
Q

Which channels are found in the descending loop and function? What is the function?

A

AQP1-Permeable to water (AQP1), Impermeable to solutes

20
Q

Which channels are found in the Ascending loop and function? What is the function?

A

NKCC-Impermeable to water, ; permeable
to salt (NKCC in TALH)
Diluting segment

21
Q

What is the DCT segments?

A

early distal tubule

Late distal tubule

22
Q

What is the function of the early tubule?

A

somewhat similar to TALH
Impermeable to water
Permeable to salt: NCC
Diluting segment

TALH: thick ascending limb of Henle

23
Q

What is the function of Late distal tubule?

A 
tubule is similar 
to CCD
Variable permeability to water
Hormonal fine tuning of Na+, K+ 
and water balance

CCD: cortical collecting duct

24
Q

What is the collecting system divided into?

A

late distal tubule*

and cortical collecting tubule= CCT

25
Q

What is the function of CCT?

What are the. Channels found in the CCT?

A

Hormonal fine tuning of Na+, K+
and water balance
ENaC, ROMK, AQP2

26
Q

What is the cell type of CCT?

What is the function of these cells?

A

Principal cells – involved in hormonally controlled Na+ and water reabsorption and K+ secretion.

Intercalated cells – involved in acid/base regulation and K+ reabsorption.

27
Q

What is the function of the inner medullary collecting duct?

A

has a single cell type that is hybrid of above

Hormonal fine tuning of Na+, K+
and water balance

28
Q

What are the parts of the nephron?

A

Cortex

medulla

29
Q

What parts are found in the cortex?

A

proximal tubule,
distal tubule,
connecting tubule
cortical collecting duct for all

30
Q

What parts are found in the medulla?

A

loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

medullary collecting duct

31
Q

What are the segments of the nephron?

A 
Bowans capsule 
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT
Collecting duct 
Connecting tubule
initial tubule
32
Q

What is the bowans capsule? what does it make up?

A

beginning of the nephron; surrounds the glomerular capillaries. Together, Bowman’s capsule and its glomerulus make up the Renal Corpuscle. [Cortical]

33
Q

What are the parts of the loopof henle?

A

thin descending limb (DLH) and an ascending limb that has both thin (tALH) and thick (TALH) segments.

34
Q

What is the last segment of the DCT called?

A

Connecting Tubule (CNT) and Initial Collecting Tubule (ICT)

which are more physiologically and embryologically related to the collecting duct

35
Q

What is the blood flow into the glomerulus?

A 
Aorta
Renal artery 
segmental artery 
Lobar artery
interlobar artery 
arcuate artery 
interlobular artery 
affrerent aterioles 
Glomerulus
36
Q

What is the blood flow from the glomerulus?

A 
Glomerulus 
Efferent aterioles 
(peritubular cappalaries and vasa recta)
interloblar veins 
arcuate veins 
interlobar vein
renal vein
IVC

Renal (15 decks)

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