Intro / Overview

Question 1

3 Functions

Answer 1

1. Respiration
2. Feeding
3. communication

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

gas exchange in the lungs (ventilation, diffusion, perfusion)

upper airways serve as the passage

airway patency- airway keeping open so it doesn’t collapse

Question 3

Feeding

Answer 3

pre-oral phase: hunger, salivation, transferring food to mouth

oral phase: chewing (mixing, comminution) to prepare a bolus

pharyngeal phase: bolus transported to the esophagus (reflex response)

esophageal phase: automatic propulsion stomach (peristalsis)

Question 4

Communication

Answer 4

mimetic & visual (body language, face, hands, posture)

acoustic & auditory (phonation, articulation, hearing)

Question 5

what does anatomy define and what can it help us figure out

Answer 5

studying anatomy define a conceptual map

helps us:
- enable consistent verbal communication about complex structures
- interpretation of imaging data (reference anatomy, anatomical atlas)
- biological basis for understanding function

Question 6

what are the three anatomical planes?

Answer 6

1. sagittal plane: splits between left and right sides (midsagittal = middle, parasaggital = off centre)
2. coronal (frontal) plane: splits between front and back
3. axial (transverse, horizontal) plane: splits between top and bottom

Question 7

define anterior and posterior anatomical directions

Answer 7

anterior: front side

posterior: back side

Question 8

define inferior and superior anatomical directions

Answer 8

superior: top / above

inferior: bottom / below

Question 9

define medial and lateral anatomical directions

Answer 9

medial: towards the middle (centre of body)

lateral: towards the outside of the body

Question 10

define the apical and basal anatomical directions for tongue

Answer 10

apical: tip of tongue

basal: base of tongue

Question 11

define transverse and longitudinal anatomical directions

Answer 11

transverse: against

longitudinal: along

Question 12

define proximal and distal anatomical directions

Answer 12

proximal: located closer to the centre of the body

distal: away from some reference point

Question 13

define superficial and deep anatomical terms

Answer 13

superficial: close to the surface of the skin/outside of body

deep: deep within the body, away from the skin surface

Question 14

define ventral, dorsal, caudal and rostral in terms of the body

Answer 14

ventral: front side of body (chest)
dorsal: back side of body (back)
caudal: closer to tail
rostral: closer to head

Question 15

define ventral, dorsal, caudal and rostral in terms of the brain

Answer 15

ventral: inferior / bottom of brain
dorsal: superior / top of brain
caudal: posterior / back of brain
rostral: anterior / front of brain

Question 16

define luminal and parietal anatomical directions

Answer 16

luminal: opening/inside

parietal: by the walls