Intro Neuropharmacology

Question 1

Biogenic amine neurotransmitters

Answer 1

Ach
Dopamine
Epi
NE
Serotonin
Histamine

Question 2

What makes signal excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 2

RECEPTOR (not transmitter)

ex. Ach - nicotinic =depole
muscarinic=hyperpole

Question 3

What does adrenal gland produce?

Answer 3

Epi

NE

Question 4

Who discovered NE/Epi + Ach?

Answer 4

Otto Loewi

Question 5

catecholamines neurotransmitters

small

Answer 5

NE
Epi
Dopamine

Question 6

amino acid neurotransmitters (small)

Answer 6

GABA
Glutamate
Aspartate
Glycine

Question 7

peptide neurotransmitters

large

Answer 7

OPIOIDS
Enkephalin
Endorphin
Dynorphin

Question 8

Small neurotrans synthesis

Answer 8

• enzyme made in RER/Golgi

* Precursor taken up downstream

Question 9

Large neurotrans synthesis

Answer 9

Pre-propeptide + enzyme made in RER/Golgi

Question 10

Other Neurotransmitters

co-factors + 2nd messengers

Answer 10

Adenosine
Taurine
Tryptamine
Eicosanoids
NO
CO
Prostaglandins
Neuroactive steroids

Question 11

Glutamate

CNS pathway

Answer 11

DESCENDING
Striatum
Hippocampus
Thalamus
(INTERNAL - hippo + cerebellum)

Question 12

Glutamate

Function

Answer 12

EXCITATORY

*FAST transmission

Question 13

Glutamate

Imbalance

Answer 13

TOO MUCH =
epilepsy
Huntington’s

Question 14

Majority of EXCITATORY transmission in brain =

Answer 14

Glutamate + aspartate

little Ach

Question 15

GABA

Function

Answer 15

INHIBITORY

Question 16

GABA

CNS pathway

Answer 16

Diffuse

Question 17

GABA

Imbalance

Answer 17

TOO LITTLE=
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Huntington’s

Question 18

Dopamine

Function

Answer 18

*sometimes INHIBITORY

Question 19

Dopamine

CNS pathway

Answer 19

ASCENDING

• Nigrostriatal Projection = Substantia Nigra–>Striatum
• Mesocorticolimbic Projection = Ventral Tegmental–>Nucleus Accumbens + Frontal cortex

Question 20

Dopamine

Imbalance

Answer 20

• Nigrastriatal pathway DEGRADE = Parkinson’s
• Mesocorticolimbic (Ventral Tegmental) TOO MUCH = Schizophrenia
• N. Accumbens TOO MUCH = addiction

Question 21

Ach

Function

Answer 21

• Mostly excitatory (depends on receptor)

* Cognition

Question 22

Ach

CNS pathway

Answer 22

ASCENDING
*Cell bodies in spetal nuclei, nucleus basalis
Cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus

Question 23

Ach

Imbalance - Parkison’s

Answer 23

*Cholinergic neurons DEGENERATE
(no anti-chol Rx in elderly)
*GABA neuron = Dopa (Nigristriatal) down, NO GABA blocking
–Ach (activate GABA) takes control - poverty of movement
GIVE DOPA replacement + Anti-Musc Rx

Question 24

NE

Function

Answer 24

INHIBITORY

• Attentiveness
• Mood

Question 25

NE

CNS pathway

Answer 25

ASCENDING
Cell bodies = locus coeruleus
Neocortex
Hippocampus 
Cerebellum

Question 26

NE

Imbalance

Answer 26

• Low = depression (MAOIs)

* Hyperactivity = drug withdrawal

Question 27

Serotonin

CNS pathway

Answer 27

ACENDING, net-like, widespread
*Cell bodies = Raphe nucleus
Cortex
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
\+ others

Question 28

Serotonin

Function

Answer 28

*monoamine, NOT catecholamine

Happiness, calm, sleep

Question 29

Serotonin

Imbalance

Answer 29

• Migraine (triptans = 5HT ags)
• Anxiety
• Sleep (Up tryptophan)

Question 30

Histamine

CNS Pathway

Answer 30

ASCENDING , DIFFUSE

*from TUberomamillary nucleus in Hypothalamus

Question 31

Histamine

Function

Answer 31

Wakefulness