Intro Neuropharmacology Flashcards
Biogenic amine neurotransmitters
Ach Dopamine Epi NE Serotonin Histamine
What makes signal excitatory or inhibitory?
RECEPTOR (not transmitter)
ex. Ach - nicotinic =depole
muscarinic=hyperpole
What does adrenal gland produce?
Epi
NE
Who discovered NE/Epi + Ach?
Otto Loewi
catecholamines neurotransmitters
small
NE
Epi
Dopamine
amino acid neurotransmitters (small)
GABA
Glutamate
Aspartate
Glycine
peptide neurotransmitters
large
OPIOIDS
Enkephalin
Endorphin
Dynorphin
Small neurotrans synthesis
- enzyme made in RER/Golgi
* Precursor taken up downstream
Large neurotrans synthesis
Pre-propeptide + enzyme made in RER/Golgi
Other Neurotransmitters
co-factors + 2nd messengers
Adenosine Taurine Tryptamine Eicosanoids NO CO Prostaglandins Neuroactive steroids
Glutamate
CNS pathway
DESCENDING Striatum Hippocampus Thalamus (INTERNAL - hippo + cerebellum)
Glutamate
Function
EXCITATORY
*FAST transmission
Glutamate
Imbalance
TOO MUCH =
epilepsy
Huntington’s
Majority of EXCITATORY transmission in brain =
Glutamate + aspartate
little Ach
GABA
Function
INHIBITORY
GABA
CNS pathway
Diffuse
GABA
Imbalance
TOO LITTLE=
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Huntington’s
Dopamine
Function
*sometimes INHIBITORY
Dopamine
CNS pathway
ASCENDING
- Nigrostriatal Projection = Substantia Nigra–>Striatum
- Mesocorticolimbic Projection = Ventral Tegmental–>Nucleus Accumbens + Frontal cortex
Dopamine
Imbalance
- Nigrastriatal pathway DEGRADE = Parkinson’s
- Mesocorticolimbic (Ventral Tegmental) TOO MUCH = Schizophrenia
- N. Accumbens TOO MUCH = addiction
Ach
Function
- Mostly excitatory (depends on receptor)
* Cognition
Ach
CNS pathway
ASCENDING *Cell bodies in spetal nuclei, nucleus basalis Cortex Amygdala Hippocampus
Ach
Imbalance - Parkison’s
*Cholinergic neurons DEGENERATE
(no anti-chol Rx in elderly)
*GABA neuron = Dopa (Nigristriatal) down, NO GABA blocking
–Ach (activate GABA) takes control - poverty of movement
GIVE DOPA replacement + Anti-Musc Rx
NE
Function
INHIBITORY
- Attentiveness
- Mood
NE
CNS pathway
ASCENDING Cell bodies = locus coeruleus Neocortex Hippocampus Cerebellum
NE
Imbalance
- Low = depression (MAOIs)
* Hyperactivity = drug withdrawal
Serotonin
CNS pathway
ACENDING, net-like, widespread *Cell bodies = Raphe nucleus Cortex Hippocampus Cerebellum \+ others
Serotonin
Function
*monoamine, NOT catecholamine
Happiness, calm, sleep
Serotonin
Imbalance
- Migraine (triptans = 5HT ags)
- Anxiety
- Sleep (Up tryptophan)
Histamine
CNS Pathway
ASCENDING , DIFFUSE
*from TUberomamillary nucleus in Hypothalamus
Histamine
Function
Wakefulness
