Intro lecture

Question 1

What is inflammation?

Answer 1

a physiological response to restore homeostasis and repair tissue altered by some insult

Question 2

What are the two types of inflammation?

Answer 2

acute (short-lasting)
chronic (long-lasting)

Question 3

3 examples of acute inflammation?

Answer 3

• sore throat
• burn
• insect bites

Question 4

Describe what happens in acute inflammation.

Answer 4

influx of proteins, fluid and cells from local blood vessels -> damaged area (tissue) to mediate local defenses

Question 5

the 2 aims of acute inflammation?

Answer 5

• removal/killing of infective agent
• breakdown + removal of damaged tissue

Question 6

Describe the nature of chronic inflammation.

Answer 6

established/excessive inflammatory response that can have deleterious effects

Question 7

Describe the nature of chronic inflammation.

Answer 7

established/excessive inflammatory response that can have deleterious effects

Question 8

what does chronic inflammation become a cause of?

Answer 8

eg inflammn form physiological response to remove insult - can become cause of disease… autoimmune, chronic inflammm disease eg gut diseases etc

Question 9

What is the concept of personalised medicines?

Answer 9

the right therapy for the right patient (genotype)

Question 10

personalised med = possible to predict px that would respond….(3)

Answer 10

design of more effective clinical trials
reduced treatment costs
increased treatment effectiveness

Question 11

why is genotype important in personalised meds and diseases?

Answer 11

disease driven by hormones/ gene mutation

Question 12

why is it when you give same drug to all px but they dont all respond?

Answer 12

have same disease but different drivers of it (genotype of disease) give same drug but not all px respond

Question 13

polypharmacy means potential for what and why?

Answer 13

harmful SEs
-more drugs combination- more chance of DDIs, new side effects
- additive effects of SEs benefit/risk threshold

Question 14

Why can clinical drug trials be an issue when considering polypharmacy?

Answer 14

usually focused on 1 drug but drugs can interact + create new SEs that were not anticipated

Question 15

What does an increase in life expectancy mean in terms of musculoskeletal, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders?

Answer 15

-> increased likelihood of elderly px developing musculoskeletal and autoimmune disorders

Question 16

as you age, what happens to:
skeletal muscle mass + why?

Answer 16

decline as replaced with adipose tissue

Question 17

as you age, what happens to:
bone mass, compare for F,M

Answer 17

decrease
Women have more bone loss due to menopause related bone loss

Question 18

as you age, what happens to:
immune system?

Answer 18

decline in immune function

Question 19

want to prevent skeletal muscle mass decline with age… whats the main pharmacological intervention?

Answer 19

exercise
promoted across life ages
easiest way to get healthier (aged) popn

Question 20

How does autoimmune disease change with age? compare F,M

Answer 20

increases
more + quicker for women

Question 21

What is inflammaging?

Answer 21

Increase in low-grade chronic inflammation with ageing
lifelong adaptive process

Question 22

6 stages in inflammaging?

Answer 22

active healthy aging
longevity
metabolic disorders (diabetes..)
frailty
age related diseases
disability