Intro (E1) Flashcards
Define anesthesia and analgesia
Anesthesia: loss of sensation to all or part of the body
Analgesia: without pain
What is pain?
Conscious perception of a noxious stimulus
What is general anesthesia?
Animal is unconscious and unaware of surroundings
What is analgesia or local anesthesia?
Animal shows diminished or no perception of pain
What are the requirements for general anesthesia?
Temporary/reversible state of drug intoxication of the CNS, where the patient neither perceives or recalls the painful stimulus
What are the fasting requirements for dogs and cats?
6-12 hours
4 hours for young animals
Free water
What are the fasting req for equine?
6-12 hour fast
Free access to water
What are the fasting req for ruminants?
24-48 hour fast
12-24 for water
What are the fasting req for goats/sheep?
12-24 hour fast
Free acess to water
What are the steps of anesthesia?
Pre-anesthetic eval Premedication period induction of anesthesia Maintenance Recovery Post-anesthetic period
What is the minimum patient database you should collect?
Signalment, history, physical exam, and lab and diagnostic tests
What are some things to identify as part of signalment?
Species, breed, age, neuter status, sex, temperment, weight
As part of your anesthetic pre-evaluation you should evaluate all body systems, but focus specifically on what ones/
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
CNS
Liver and kidney
What are the grades of physical status for anesthesia?
1: healthy no disease (spay/neuter)
2: healthy, localized or mild systemic disease (patellar luxation)
3: moderate systemic disease (murmur, anemia)
4: severe systemic disease, life threatening (heart, liver failure)
5: Moribund, not expected to live >24 hours
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of premedication sedation and analgesia?
(+): decreased patient and staff stress, decreased induction and inhalant doses
(-): bradycardia, hypotension, and excitement/dysphoria
What drugs can be used as a premed sedative in dogs?
Acepromazine
Dexmedetomidine
Midazolam/Diazepam
What drugs cna be used as a premed sedative in cats?
Dexmedetomidine + opioid
And can add or not Ketamine or Telozol
What drugs can be used as a premedication sedative in horses?
Alpha-2 agonist (Xylazine / detomidine)
NSAIDs
Premed drugs in cattle, goats, and sheep
Cattle: may or may not need. can use Xylazine or Butorphanol
Goats & Sheep: butorphanol +/- benzo
Xylazine only in healthy patients (Hypoxia)
A dog with no presenting issue comes into your clinic for a routine spay procedure. You would classify this bitch as Physical status _____
Condition 1
she is the definition of conditon 1
Upon presurgical PE, for a dog with a foreign body GI obstruction, you discover that the dog is anemic and has a grade 3 heart murmur. You then classify him as a Physical Status _____
Condition 3
moderate dz- heart murmur/anemia
An older dog presenting with severe systemic disease either heart or liver failure would be classified as Physical Status ____
Condition 4
T/F
One of the main disadvantages with administering alpha 2 agonists or opoids as a premediaction for anesthesia is the increased risk of tachycardia
FALSE
These drugs increase the risk of bradycardia
T/F
One of the main disadvantages with administering acepromazine as a premediaction for anesthesia is the increased risk of hypotension
TRUE
Increased excitement or dysphoria, is a rsik associated with administration of ____ as a premedication for anesthesia
Benzodiazapine
Cats are usually administered a combination of _____ and one of 2 opoids. What are the 2 common opioids?
dexmedetomidine
butorphanol or hydromorphine
What are the 3 common drugs used to induce dos?
KAP
ketamine
alfaxalone
propofol
What are the 3 common drugs used to induce horses?
ketamine/benzodiazepine
and/or
guafensain
What are the 3 common drugs used to induce cattle?
triple drip of GG + xylazine + ketamine.
