Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Dare to do Drugs > Flashcards

Dare to do Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Butorphenol

A

kappa agonist/ mu antagonist

mild sedation: 1-2 hours

analgesia: ~90 min.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compared to mu agonist butorphenol has less:

A 
respiratory depression
panting
bradycardia
less analgesia, MAC sparing
Nausea, no vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we use butorphenol for dogs/cats?

A

alone or with a sedative/tranquilizer

non/mild painful procedures

pre-med to avoid comiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we use butorphenol for horses?

A

with an alpha- 2 agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we use butorphenol for RMTS?

A

Large- during/after induction

small- as premed w/ benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Buprenorphine is a ____ agonist… it provides what in terms of sedation/analgesia?

A

Partial mu agonist

little sedation, mild-moderate analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buprenorphrine has a fast/slow onset?

A

slow onset: 30-45 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long does Buprenorphrine last in dogs/cats?

A

Dogs- 4-10 hours

Cats 6-12 hours

has a ceiling effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is Buprenorphrine contraindicated and why?

A

Strong affinity for Mu receptor,

will antagonize other opioiods

do not use as pre-med in painful procedures, difficult to reverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compared to mu agonists Buprenorphrine exerts:

A

Less
respiratory depression, panting, bradycardia analgesia MAC sparing
Nausea, no vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is simbadol?

A

long acting Buprenorphrine in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When comparing mixed, partial and full mu agonists what is the order to remember?

A 
MU provides the most:
respiratory depression/panting
bradycardia
analgesia, MAC sparing
nausea and vomiting

Then partial MU

Then mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drugs are the full MU agonists? (4)

A 
hydromorphone
morphine
oxymorphone
methadone
Fentanyl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of full mu agonists?

A

moderate- severe analgesia

no ceiling effect/ dose dependent MAC sparing

minimal CV effects- bardycardia

nausea/vomiting (except methadone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is special about Fentanyl?

A

full mu agonist

used for moderate-severe pain

short acting 15-30 min

requires IV catheter; CRI- constant rate of infusion

same side effects as others but has greater respiratory depression, no vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do we use Fentanyl?

A

Induction agent in critically ill SA patients

intra/post op CRI

available as patch or transdermal formualtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs are available as sedatives/tranquilizers?

A

Acepromazine
Alpha-2 agonists
Benzodiazepans
Dissociatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the Alpha-2s available?

A

SA- dexmedetomidine

LA- Xylazine, detomidine, romifidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 commonly used benzodiazepines?

A

Midazolam/diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common dissociatives?

A

Ketamine

Telazol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acepromazine

A

Phenothiazine, alpha-1

mild-moderate sedation

slow onset 20-30min

LONG duration

NO reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Does acepromazine have analgesic effects?

A

NO, but has a synergistic effect w/ opioids

significant decrease in induction dose/ MAC of inhalant

23
Q

T/F

Acepromazine causes seizures?

A

FALSE

24
Q

What is dexmedetomidine?

A

alpha 2 agonist

potent sedative + analgesia

**DOSE dependent

rapid onset / short duration

25
Q

What effects does dexemedetomidine have on patients?

A

decrease CO, reflex bradycardia due to vasoconstriction

RESERVE for healthy/very painful/fearful/aggressive patients

26
Q

What do you use to reverse dexmedetomidine?

A

Atiamazole

27
Q

What are the hemodynamic effects of dexemedtomidine?

A

initial hypertension response due to alpha 2 b stimualtion w/ vasoconstriction

central alpha 2 a stimulation leads to decreased NE causing hypotension due to bradycardia and peripheral vasodialtion

28
Q

T/F

Diazepam and midazolam are not good sedatives in young, healthy dogs and cats

A

TRUE

29
Q

T/F

diazepam/midazolam can cause paradoxical excitement and hyporresponsiveness

A

FALSE

paradoxical excitement and hyperresponsiveness

30
Q

Do diazepam/medazolam provide analgesia?

A

NO

31
Q

What species are indicated in diazepam/medazolam use?

A

small ruminants / neonatal foals

32
Q

What is the difference between diazepam/medazolam?

A

diazepam contains propylene glycol
painful on injection, not well absorbed, toxic at high doses

used to be cheaper

33
Q

What are the effects of anti- cholinergic drugs?

A

decrease vagal effects, salivary secretions

modern drugs not as irritating to resp tract

still used to counter vagal effects of other anesthetic drugs

34
Q

What is atropine?

A

used to save animals with organophosphate poisoning

crosses BBB/placenta

side effects- sinus tachycardia, secondary A-V block

DOA: 60-90 min

35
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

does NOT cross BBB/placenta

inset of action 3-5 minutes

DOA- 2-4 hours

36
Q

What are the side effects of glycopyrrolate?

A

sinus tachycardia, 2 AV block, increases w/ IV administration

so give alittle, wait give second dose

tachycardia is slef limiting, but be careful on old dogs

Not indicated for LA

37
Q

What is Guaifenesin?

A

GG

central muscle relaxant, similar to NZ, not available in US

part of triple drip

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of GG?

A

cant use above 5%, causes hemolysis in cattle, thrombophlebitis in horses

39
Q

What is propofol used for, and what is its mech of action?

A

induction of SA, sedation, CRI to maintain anesthesia

NOT analgesic

works via GABA-a receptors

40
Q

Advantages of using propofol?

A

rapid onset, metabolism, destruction

non-cumulative, extra hepatic metabolism

anticonvulsant, neuroprotective

41
Q

What is Ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor agaonist

dissociative anesthetic

42
Q

What are the advantages of ketamine?

A

indirect sypathomimetic CV stimualtion (increase HR, CO, BP

good analgesia

metabolized in the liver

43
Q

What are the uses of ketamine?

A

IM pre med- need to use in combo w/ sedative/muscle relaxant

IV- induction

44
Q

What premedication combo would you give to cats?

A

Dexmedetomidine + opioid

45
Q

What premedication combo would you give to a horse?

A

Butorphanol + alpha-2 agonist

46
Q

What two classes of drugs should you avoid when premedicating a horse?

A

Benzodiazepines and mu agonist opioids

47
Q

What can you give cattle for premedication?

A

Xylazine (1/10 of equine dose) and butorphanol

48
Q

What is a drug you would only give a healthy goat?

A

Xylazine; can possibly cause hypoxia

49
Q

What are advantages of using Etomidate?

A

Minimal myocardial depression and hypotension

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Alfaxalone? What are advantages of this drug?

A

Interacts with GABA-A receptors

Rapid induction and recovery

51
Q

What are disadvantages of using Alfaxalone?

A

Hypotension, apnea, and vasodilation in high doses

52
Q

A dog presents with a GDV; what combo would you use to induce him?

A

Opioid and benzodiazepine

53
Q

Does Etomidate have analgesic effects?

A

NO

Anesthesiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions