Intro (cy) Flashcards by Loui Mojica

Study of fungi

Mycology

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First to appear than bacteria and viruses.

Fungi

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Fungal infections also known as

Mycoses

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Caused by certain yeasts, molds, and
dimorphic fungi

Fungal infection or mycoses

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was classified as a nationally
notifiable infectious disease

Coccidioidomycosis

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Coccidioidomycosis caused by

Coccidioides immitis

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Protect cells from osmotic shock, determine cell shapes, and have components that are antigenic.

Cell wall

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Composed primarily of complex carbohydrates

Chitin, glucans, mannose

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Cell wall glucan
(not found in humans) = antifungal target of the
echinocandins like

Caspofungin

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Dominant fungal membrane sterol (rather than
cholesterol)

Ergosterol

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Fungi grow in two basic forms

Yeast and mold

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Simplest type of fungus

Yeast

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Unicellular budding yeast, round to oval shaped

Yeast

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produced by budding
Budding called

Yeast
Blastoconidia

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Elongation of the cell

Mold

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Produces a tubular, thread-like structure called

Hypae

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Cross walls of hyphae and occur in the hyphae of the
great majority of the disease-causing fungi

Septate

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Lack regularly occurring cross wall

Nonseptate

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quite variable in width with broad branching angles

Coenocytic

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Hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations.

Pseudohypae

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Cause of fungal infection

Yeast, mold and dimorphic fungi

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infected by the secretions of the fungi from the environment resulting to being poisoned

mycotoxicosis

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fungi that goes inside the body and can be used if as a culture media

Mycoses

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Yeast grows on what temperature

Body temperature (35-37c)

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Mold grow on what temperature

Room temperature (25-27c)

Ergosterol target by

Imidazole, triazoles and polyenes antifungal

Look like rice and check for the presence of blastoconida

Yeast

What fungi that checks the pigmentation after staining

Mold

Types of pigmentation (mold)

Hyaline (moniliaceous) Phacoid (dematiaceous)

Mold Pigmentation that has no color or translucent

Hyaline (moniliaceous)

Mold Pigmentation that has gray, brown or black

Phacoid (dematiaceous)

Non septate also known as

Sparsely septated

What is called in rectangular/ barrel-shaped cell

Arthroconidium hypae

Whta is called in isolated cells in arthroconidium hypae

Disjunction cell

Example given in pseudohyapae

Candida albicans

Capable of converting from a yeast or yeast-like to form to a filamentous form and vice vers

Thermally dimorphic fungi

Diagnostic form of thermally dimorphic fungi

Yeast

Thermally dimorphic fungi Include the major pathogens:

Blastomyces Histoplasma Coccidioides Sporothrix in the United States Paracoccidioides in South and Central America.

Tangled mass of hyphae.

Mycelium

Form mycelia are called

Mold or filamentous fungi

Hair-like projection

Mycelium

What is called root system of fungi that absorbs nutrients from environment other than medium

vegetative mycelium

What is called upper part of fungi that is for reproduction

Aerial mycelium

Formed either asexually or by a sexual process involving nuclear fusion and then meiosis.

Fungal spores

asexual spores of filamentous fungi (molds) or mushrooms.

Conidia

What is called new yeast “buds”

Blastoconidia

What is called conidia formed by laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal strand.

Arthroconidia

What live on dead organic material

Saprobes

live in harmony on humans, deriving their nutrition from compounds on body surfaces.

Commensal colonizers

infect the healthy but cause more severe disease in the compromised hosts. The damage to living cells provides nutrition.

Pathogens

Produce their own food by means of chlorophyll possessed by them. .

Algae

It is a spore that is formed by fusion of cells and meiosis as in all forms of higher life.

Sexual spore

Morphological class - Round, oval or elongated - Unicellular fungi - Most by asexual process = budding/some by fission

Yeasts

Morphological class: fungi example

Crytococcus neoformans

Morphological class - Grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae = pseudomycelium

Yeast like fungi

Morphological class: yeast like fungi example

Candida albicans

Morphological class - Form true mycelia and reproduce by the formation of different types of spores.

Mold and filamentous fungi

Morphological class: mold or filamentous fungi example

Mucor Rhizopus Penicillium

Morphological class - Pathogenic to man - Yeast form in the host tissue and in vitro at 37C on enriched media - Hyphal (mycelial) form in vitro at 25C.

Dimorphic fungi

Morphological class: dimorphic fungi example

Penicillium merneffei Blastomyces dermatitidis

Systemic class Example: Rhizopus, absidia, mucor, Pilobolus

Zygomycetes

Systematic class: zygomycetes/mucormycetes example

Rhizopus Mucor

Systematic class - Include both yeats and filamentous fungi

Ascomycetes

Systematic class: ascomycetes example

Penicillium Yeast

Systematic class Example: mushrooms, Filobasidiella neoformans

Basidiomycetes

Systematic fungi: basidiomycetes

Mushroom Fusarium

Systematic class - Most fungi of medical importance belong to this class.

Deuteromycetes

Systematic class: deuteromycetes example

Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Candida albicans

is formed by fusion of cells and meiosis as in all forms of higher life.

Sexual spores

4 types sexual spores

Oospores Zygospore Ascospore Basidiospore

formed by budding from parent cell, as in yeasts

Blastospores

formed by the production of cross septa into hyphae resulting in rectangular thick-walled spores.

Arthrospores

thick walled resting spored developed by rounding up and thickening of hyphal segments.

Chlamydospore

spores borne externally on sides or tips of hyphae are called conidiophores or simply conidia.

Conidiospore

formed within the sporangium. They develop on the ends of hyphae.

Sporangiospore

Sporangiospore formed within the.

sporangium

small and single, these are called __________ (unicellular). According to aerial spore

microconidia

large and septate conidia and are often multicellular.

Macroconidia

form of the fungus producing sexual spores

Teleomorph

form producing asexual spores

Anamorph

self-fertile is called

Homothallic

mating types is called

Heterothallic