Intro (cy) Flashcards
Study of fungi
Mycology
First to appear than bacteria and viruses.
Fungi
Fungal infections also known as
Mycoses
Caused by certain yeasts, molds, and
dimorphic fungi
Fungal infection or mycoses
was classified as a nationally
notifiable infectious disease
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis caused by
Coccidioides immitis
Protect cells from osmotic shock, determine cell shapes, and have components that are antigenic.
Cell wall
Composed primarily of complex carbohydrates
Chitin, glucans, mannose
Cell wall glucan
(not found in humans) = antifungal target of the
echinocandins like
Caspofungin
Dominant fungal membrane sterol (rather than
cholesterol)
Ergosterol
Fungi grow in two basic forms
Yeast and mold
Simplest type of fungus
Yeast
Unicellular budding yeast, round to oval shaped
Yeast
produced by budding
Budding called
Yeast
Blastoconidia
Elongation of the cell
Mold
Produces a tubular, thread-like structure called
Hypae
Cross walls of hyphae and occur in the hyphae of the
great majority of the disease-causing fungi
Septate
Lack regularly occurring cross wall
Nonseptate
quite variable in width with broad branching angles
Coenocytic
Hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations.
Pseudohypae
Cause of fungal infection
Yeast, mold and dimorphic fungi
infected by the secretions of the fungi from the environment resulting to being poisoned
mycotoxicosis
fungi that goes inside the body and can be used if as a culture media
Mycoses
Yeast grows on what temperature
Body temperature (35-37c)
Mold grow on what temperature
Room temperature (25-27c)
Ergosterol target by
Imidazole, triazoles and polyenes antifungal
Look like rice and check for the presence of blastoconida
Yeast
What fungi that checks the pigmentation after staining
Mold
Types of pigmentation (mold)
Hyaline (moniliaceous)
Phacoid (dematiaceous)
Mold Pigmentation that has no color or translucent
Hyaline (moniliaceous)
Mold Pigmentation that has gray, brown or black
Phacoid (dematiaceous)
Non septate also known as
Sparsely septated
What is called in rectangular/ barrel-shaped cell
Arthroconidium hypae
Whta is called in isolated cells in arthroconidium hypae
Disjunction cell
Example given in pseudohyapae
Candida albicans
Capable of converting from a yeast or yeast-like to
form to a filamentous form and vice vers
Thermally dimorphic fungi
Diagnostic form of thermally dimorphic fungi
Yeast
Thermally dimorphic fungi Include the major pathogens:
Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Coccidioides
Sporothrix in the United States
Paracoccidioides in South and Central America.
Tangled mass of hyphae.
Mycelium
Form mycelia are called
Mold or filamentous fungi
Hair-like projection
Mycelium
What is called root system of fungi that absorbs nutrients from environment other than medium
vegetative mycelium
What is called upper part of fungi that is for reproduction
Aerial mycelium
Formed either asexually or by a sexual process
involving nuclear fusion and then meiosis.
Fungal spores
asexual spores of filamentous fungi
(molds) or mushrooms.
Conidia
What is called new yeast “buds”
Blastoconidia
What is called conidia formed by laying down joints
in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal
strand.
Arthroconidia
What live on dead organic material
Saprobes
live in harmony on
humans, deriving their nutrition from compounds on
body surfaces.
Commensal colonizers
infect the healthy but cause more
severe disease in the compromised hosts. The
damage to living cells provides nutrition.
Pathogens
Produce their own food by means of chlorophyll
possessed by them.
.
Algae
It is a spore that is formed by fusion of cells and meiosis
as in all forms of higher life.
Sexual spore
Morphological class
- Round, oval or elongated
- Unicellular fungi
- Most by asexual process = budding/some by fission
Yeasts
Morphological class: fungi example
Crytococcus neoformans
Morphological class
- Grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells
resembling hyphae = pseudomycelium
Yeast like fungi
Morphological class: yeast like fungi example
Candida albicans
Morphological class
- Form true mycelia and reproduce by the formation of different types of spores.
Mold and filamentous fungi
Morphological class: mold or filamentous fungi example
Mucor
Rhizopus
Penicillium
Morphological class
- Pathogenic to man
- Yeast form in the host tissue and in vitro at 37C on
enriched media
- Hyphal (mycelial) form in vitro at 25C.
Dimorphic fungi
Morphological class: dimorphic fungi example
Penicillium merneffei
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Systemic class
Example: Rhizopus, absidia, mucor, Pilobolus
Zygomycetes
Systematic class: zygomycetes/mucormycetes example
Rhizopus
Mucor
Systematic class
- Include both yeats and filamentous fungi
Ascomycetes
Systematic class: ascomycetes example
Penicillium
Yeast
Systematic class
Example: mushrooms, Filobasidiella neoformans
Basidiomycetes
Systematic fungi: basidiomycetes
Mushroom
Fusarium
Systematic class
- Most fungi of medical importance belong to this class.
Deuteromycetes
Systematic class: deuteromycetes example
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Candida albicans
is formed by fusion of cells and meiosis
as in all forms of higher life.
Sexual spores
4 types sexual spores
Oospores
Zygospore
Ascospore
Basidiospore
formed by budding from parent cell, as
in yeasts
Blastospores
formed by the production of cross
septa into hyphae resulting in rectangular thick-walled
spores.
Arthrospores
thick walled resting spored
developed by rounding up and thickening of hyphal
segments.
Chlamydospore
spores borne externally on sides or
tips of hyphae are called conidiophores or simply
conidia.
Conidiospore
formed within the sporangium.
They develop on the ends of hyphae.
Sporangiospore
Sporangiospore formed within the.
sporangium
small and single, these are called
__________ (unicellular). According to aerial spore
microconidia
large and septate conidia and are
often multicellular.
Macroconidia
form of the fungus producing sexual
spores
Teleomorph
form producing asexual spores
Anamorph
self-fertile is called
Homothallic
mating types is called
Heterothallic
