Intro Bio and Inorganics comp. U1,2.1

Question 1

Characteristics of living beings

Answer 1

Chemical composition
cell (multi, pluri)
reproduction (s,a)
metabolism (ana,cata)
growth (pluri, uni)
evolution
reaction
movement (ext, int)

Question 2

Cells are made up of?

Answer 2

Inorganics compounds:
-Water H2O
- Mineral salts
Organics compounds:
- Carbohydrates (Glucides)
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Nucleic acids

Question 3

Summary of Water H2O

Answer 3

Importance: Metabolic activities (regulator, transport), Universal solvent
- Dehydration Synthesis = product (combine)
- Synthesis by hydrolysis = reactive (break)
Temperature regulator (controller)
Properties: Sweating (guttation) to lower the temperature; Perspiration, losing water (gaseous)
- Adhesion, adhering water molecules of the same type.
- Cohesion (Binding strength)

Question 4

Summary of Mineral Salts (Na, K, Ca, Fe, I, Cl, phosphate, nitrates)

Answer 4

Isn’t produced by the organism.
- Micronutrients ( < 20 mg/day)
- Macronutrients ( >100 mg/day)
Classification: Regulatory (soluble); Structural (insoluble) crystaline form
- Enzymatic activators
- Controls pH (carbonates and phosphates)

Question 4

Summary Na and K

Answer 4

Chemical equilibrium (osmosis)
Bomb of Na and K (Keep K inside of the cell and Na out):
- Osmoregulation (balance water and solutes)
- Electrical Impulse
- Proteins synthesis
- Cellular respiration
- Regular opening (K out) and closing of stomata (K in)
Hypertonique (H2O out), Isotonique (in and out, equilibrium), Hypotonique (too much salt, H2O enters and the cell more big)

Question 5

Summary of Ca

Answer 5

Importance:
- Animal support structure
- Blood coagulation
- Muscle contraction
Calciferol (D), promotes absorption of Ca and P

Question 6

Summary of Fe

Answer 6

Importance:
- Red blood cell (gives red color)
- Gas transport
- Cytochrome (protein), cellular respiration, energy generation
Lack of Fe: iron deficiency anemia, gas transport defiency.

Question 7

Summary of I

Answer 7

Acts on the thyroid
- Hormonal regulation (Thyroxine T4 and Triiodothyronine T3)
- Stimulates mitochondrial development and activity
- Regulates metabolism: accelerates (synthesizes fast), decreases (slowly)
Metabolism slow: Lack of I (hypothyroidism, gain weight), goiter (bocio) iodine deficiency or inflamation of thyroid gland

Question 8

Other mineral salts

Answer 8

• Phosphate: ATP, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, part of the plasma membrane, bones and teeth
• Nitrates: ATP, DNA, RNA, proteins, reduces chlorophyll production
• Cl: water balance, regulates pH