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Health & Age 1BB3 > Intro and Theories > Flashcards

Intro and Theories Flashcards

1
Q

why are we concerned with aging?

A
  • its a universal process
  • concerns for older people and improving their quality of life
  • need for support services for older people
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2
Q

what about the growing aging population?

A

-not just in canada, where the proportion of older persons is growing
the group of people over 80 is growing the fastest bc **people are living longer

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3
Q

gerontology

A
  • the systematic study of aging

interdisciplinary study - draws from research from biosci, clinical medicine, behavioural science and social science

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4
Q

goals of gerontology

A
  • to produce more knowledge about aging (researchers)

- applying this knowledge to treat older people (health professionals and training for nurses, OTs, PTs, social workers)

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5
Q

critical gerontology

A
  • how aging is different for people in different contexts
    seeks to recognize social, cultural, political-cultural contexts in which other people live
  • argues that the increasing numbers of seniors is not the problem but terming it the silver tsunami is a devaluing term
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6
Q

centenarians

A

people who’ve lived for 100+ years

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7
Q

what is the biological lifespan of the human species

A

about 122-125 years

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8
Q

what proportion of the canadian population is made up of older people?

A

15%, but will grow to 25% in 18 years

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9
Q

elderspeak

A

like baby talk to the elderly; sweetie, honey, dear

  • condesending, creates low self esteem and reduces the person’s ability to communicate effectively
  • decreases quality of interaction, reduces older person;s sense of control
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10
Q

how does Dr Robert Butler feel about the origins of ageism?

A

that it comes from young and middle-aged people feeling uncomfortable with aging
- more interaction b/w younger and older pops lessens ageism

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11
Q

amortality

A

the ageless self

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12
Q

intergenerational equity

A

the call for balance support of older and younger people through public policy and public expenditures

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13
Q

ageism

A

prejudice or discrimination against people based on age

- beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that put people down

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14
Q

examples of ageism

A
  • not being chosen for a job over a younger person despite having the same qualifications
    60% of older people have experienced this
  • policies to retire at 65
  • elderspeak
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15
Q

stereotype

A 
one sided, exaggerated and usually prejudiced view of a group or class of people
- there are negative and positive stereotypes
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16
Q

examples of stereotypes of older people

A
  • naive, helpless
  • bad drivers
  • complainers: “organ recital”
  • slow
  • can’t learn new things, have less intelligence
  • forgetful
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17
Q

what do we often blame older people for?

A

problems with healthcare

ex bed blockers

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18
Q

marginalization

A

problems with access and awareness, active exclusion from things
- devalues older people’s contributions
- results in feelings of oppression and invisibility
- limits opportunities and participaiton, social involvement
leading to unfair treatment

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19
Q

how does isolation affect mental health?

A

older people have a 40% higher risk of getting dementia if they are depressed which can result from isolation

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20
Q

why do myths and stereotypes about aging still continue?

A

media portrayal
advertising
political rhetoric: ex aging tsunami
witnessing evidence of a stereotype

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21
Q

age markers

A

grey hair, needing care, hearing aids and glasses

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22
Q

labelling people as “old”

A
  • causes older people to resist age markers, being dependent and not ask for help even if they need it
  • label can be internalized and change self identity (you feel old), self esteem, coping in later life (older women)
23
Q

social gerontology

A

a subfield of gerontology

  • examines social side of aging as well as practice-related issues
  • looks at aging from a social perspective of individuals and the society
24
Q

what do theories do in the study of aging?

A

no one gerontology theory can explain all of the facts

  • guide research and selecting research methods, questions, samples
  • help interpret results of studies
25
Q

2 levels of theory

A

micro level
macro level
- not all theories fall into one or the other

26
Q

micro-level theories

A

focus on individuals and their interactions with people and things and their attitudes and opinions

27
Q

macro-level theories

A

focus on social structures and things that influence the social world
ex. global policies about things

28
Q

3 theoretical perspectives

A
  1. interpretive perspective
  2. functionalist perspective
  3. conflict perspective
29
Q

interpretive perspective

A
  • focus most on MICRO level of social life: social order, situations and how re relate to one another in our lives
    ex. social exchange theory
30
Q

functionalist perspective

A
  • looks at social order based on consensus, cooperation and shared norms and values
  • all parts of society share some role/function
  • when all roles are filled, society stays in balance/ equilibrium
31
Q

functional perspective theories ex

A 
structural functionalism
disengagement theory
activity theory
continuity theory
age stratification theory
life course perspective/theory
32
Q

conflict perspective

A

based on the premise that society consists of conflict between dominant and subordinate groups

  • as these conflicts arise, poverty and disadvantage can arise in these subordinate groups
  • experiences early on can set groups of people up for failure later in life
33
Q

conflict perspective theories

A

political economy theory
cumulative disadvantage theory
feminist approach - also looks at age, ethnicity, social class

34
Q

other gerontology theories

A

narrative gerontology
moral economy theory
critical gerontology
post-modern theory

35
Q

structural functionalism (theory)

A
  • society as a system of social institutions that keep society in equilibrium
  • institutions adjust according to various pressures (ex. more women in labour force means other people have to do things that women used to primarily do)
36
Q

disengagement theory

A
  • mutual withdrawl of individual and society to restore balances to the system
  • disengagement is a universal and beneficial change needed for the individual and society

controversial: more us pushing them out than anything else

37
Q

activity theory

A
  • engagement in activity facilitates adjustment to aging
  • assumes that any activity will suffice (physical, mental, social, ?)
    draws on questions as to whether busy is really good in our society (mentality that who cares whether something is meaningful or not)
38
Q

continuity theory

A

adjustment to aging involves maintaining a consistent sense of self with the past and continuity of activities from mid-life - and this should make you happier

39
Q

age cohort

A

a group of people born in the same period of time

ex. people born between 1980 and 1985 is an age cohort

40
Q

age grade

A

a concept used in age stratification theory that is used to describe a period of life defined by society
ex. young adulthood, teenager

41
Q

age stratification theory

A
  • movement of age cohorts over the life course
  • people flow through society in pre-determined age grades as they get older
    assumes: society changes as people age; experiences of cohorts are similar; people change society, norms and values and roles of cohorts; each age grade has some expectations of roles and behaviours
42
Q

strengths and weaknesses of age stratification theory

A

strengths: it allows us to study age differences b/w cohorts and highlights the impact of historical and social changes; also shows relationship b/w aging and social structures
weaknesses: doesn’t always address power differences, social inequalities b/w groups of people and people don’t all experience the world the same

43
Q

life course perspective theory

A

very broad
gained prominence among gerontologists and uses macro and micro levels of analysis
uses trajectories and transitions to explain:
- continuity and change in individuals lives over time
- age-related socially-recognized life transitions
- the interaction of social life, culture, history and personal biography

44
Q

micro and macro levels of analysis in the life course perspective

A

micro level: how your experiences impact the rest of your life
macro level: how history impacted your age cohort’s life

45
Q

trajectories

A

long term patterns of stability that often changes and include many transitions

46
Q

transitions

A

changes in social status/ roles as you age such as marriage, parenthood, divorce, remarriage or widowhood.
also look at how they are affected by when the transition occurs in life (late or early)

47
Q

strengths and weaknesses of the life course perspective

A

strengths: used in diff disciplines, patterns of aging
aging is a dynamic process and this captures the complexity and interdependantness of people’s lives

weaknesses: microlevel is very broad, makes it hard for researchers to apply to studies

48
Q

political economy theory

A

based on the work of carl marx

  • conflict and change b/w social groups leads to domination of some groups
  • capitalist society in which we live is to blame for problems w society’s views on older people
  • social programs and policies causing problems for older people
49
Q

cumulative disadvantage theory

A
  • disadvantage early in life accumulates and are magnified over life course
  • focuses more on childhood poverty
50
Q

feminist approach (theory)

A

also related to race and ethnicity, the idea that gender is a defining characteristic in social interaction and experience

51
Q

narrative gerontology (theory)

A
  • wants to understand the inside of aging by examining narratives or life stories
  • shows that people compose their lives through their life stories, which get retold, revisited and reinterpreted as people age
52
Q

moral economy theory

A

focuses on shared values and social norms that shape popular beliefs in the legitimacy of certain practices and policies

53
Q

critical gerontology (theory)

A

looks within theory and research to critically examine and question the underlying and “taken for granted” assumptions about aging

54
Q

post-modern theory

A

contrasts contemporary society with society in the recent past
- older persons can create identity meaning of their own age and there are different expectations in different eras for an age group

Health & Age 1BB3 (3 decks)

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