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FUNDA > Intro and Temp > Flashcards

Intro and Temp Flashcards

1
Q

reflects the physiologic
state which govern the
body’s organs

A

Vital Signs

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2
Q

temperature, pulse,
respiration, & blood pressure

A

Vital Signs

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3
Q

What are these?
❖Identify problems
❖Monitor condition
❖Evaluate response/s to intervention/s
❖Basis for clinical problem-solving
❖Part of care in any setting

A

Purposes of Vital Signs

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4
Q

When to measure VS (there are 9)

A
  • On admission to a health care facility
  • When assessing the patient during
    home visits
  • In a hospital on a routine schedule
    according to a physician’s or hospital’s
    standards of practice
  • Before and after a surgical procedure
    or invasive diagnostic procedure
  • Before, during, and after transfusion
    of blood products
  • before, during, and after the
    administration of medications or
    applications of therapies
  • when the patient’s general
    condition changes
    -before and after nursing
    interventions that influence a VS
  • when the patient reports
    nonspecific symptoms of physical
    distress
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5
Q

What is the 1st Guidelines in taking VS?

A

KNOW THE CLIENT’S NORMAL/ USUAL
RANGE/ LAST MEASUREMENT

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6
Q

what is the 2nd guideline of taking VS?

A

KNOW THE CLIENT’S MEDICAL HX, THERAPY
& MEDICATION HE IS RECEIVING

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7
Q

CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT
MAY INFLUENCE V/S VALUES

A

3rd Guideline

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8
Q

MANNER OF APPROACH TO THE CLIENT
MAY ALTER V/S

A

4th Guideline

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9
Q

What’s the 5th and 6th Guideline?

A
  1. MAKE CERTAIN THAT EQUIPMENT IS
    FUNCTIONAL & APPROPRIATE
  2. DECIDE FREQUENCY OF VITAL SIGNS
    ASSESSMENT
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10
Q

What’s the 7th & 8th Guidelines?

A
  1. USE AN ORGANIZED, SYSTEMATIC
    APPROACH TO MEASURE VITAL SIGNS
  2. VERIFY & COMMUNICATE SIGNIFICANT
    CHANGES
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11
Q

Reflects balance
between the heat
produced and heat lost
from the body

A

Body Temperature

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12
Q

2 types of temperature

A

Core & Surface Temperature

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13
Q

What type pf Body Temperature?

  • Temperature of the deep tissues of
    the body
  • Remains relatively constant within
    a range of 36 C– 37.4 C
A

CORE

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14
Q

What type of Body Temp?

  • Measured in the tympanic or
    rectal sites
A

CORE

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15
Q

Is Core Temperature relatively lower than Surface Temperature?

A

No, it’s relatively higher

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16
Q

What type of Temperature?

  • Temperature of the skin,
    subcutaneous tissue and fat
  • Rises and falls in response to the
    environment
A

Surface

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17
Q

Temperature measured at oral and axillary sites

A

Surface

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18
Q

What are the 3 regulations of Body Temperature?

A
  1. Neural and
    vascular control
  2. Maintaining heat
    production and
    heat loss
  3. Behavioral
    control
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19
Q

What happens if your temperature increases?

A

Sends signal to hypothalamus -> sweating and vasolidation

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20
Q

What happens if your temperature decreases?

A

sends signal to hypothalamus -> shivering and vasoconstriction

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21
Q

MECHANISMS OF HEAT LOSS

• Transfer of heat by means of waves
• Transfer of heat from one surface to another surface, without contact

A

Radiation

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22
Q

MECHANISMS OF HEAT LOSS

• Process by which water is converted into steam / vapo

A

Evaporation

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23
Q

MECHANISMS OF HEAT LOSS

• Transfer / dispersion of heat away by air currents

A

Convection

24
Q

MECHANISMS OF HEAT LOSS

• Transfer of heat from one object to another during direct contact

A

Conduction

25
Q

adjustments initiated by an individual to
maintain appropriate body temperature

A

Behavioral Control

26
Q

What are the 10 factors affecting temperature?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Diurnal variation / circadian rhythm
  3. Exercise
  4. Specific dynamic action of food
  5. Hormonal activity
  6. Sex
  7. Age
  8. Stress
  9. Illness or injury
    10.Medications
27
Q

Normal Range of Body Temperature (Oral)

A

Fahrenheit 97.6– 99.6
Celsius 36.5 – 37.4

28
Q

Normal Range of Body Temperature (Rectal)

A

Fahrenheit 98.6 – 100.6
Celsius 37.0– 38.1

29
Q

Normal Body Temperature (Axillary)

A

Fahrenheit 96.6 – 98.6
Celsius 36.0-37.0

30
Q
  • Body temp. above usual range
  • Related terminologies: pyrexia,
    fever, febrile vs afebrile
  • Occurs when heat prod > heat loss
A

Hyperthermia

31
Q

T OR F
Hyperthermia is harmful if it stays below 39 C in
adults; 40 C in children

A

F - Not harmful

32
Q

Can result from infection, but can
also arise from heat exhaustion
and heat stroke

A

Hyperthermia

33
Q

very high fever, occurs at 41 C

A

Hyperpyrexia

34
Q
  • Body temp. below usual range
  • Mainly due to excessive heat loss,
    inadequate heat production, or an
    from an impaired hypothalamic
    thermoregulation
A

Hypothermia

35
Q

Types of Hypothermia

A

Induced & Accidental

36
Q
  • As body temp falls, so are HR, RR
    and BP
  • Chemical reactions are slowed =
    decreased O2 demands
  • Death may occur at temp < 34 C
A

Hypothermia

37
Q

What are the 4 Methods/Sites for taking body temp?

A
  1. Oral/ by mouth
  2. Rectal/ from the rectum
  3. Axilla/ from the armpit
  4. Tympanic membrane
38
Q

WHAT TYPE OF METHOD/SITE

• More accessible and convenient
• Most practical clinical preferred method
• Measures around 0.5 C – 0.6 C below core body temp.
• Area under the tongue is in direct proximity to the sublingual artery
• Contraindications: uncooperative, unconscious, very young, shivering, prone to
seizures, mouth breather, post mouth surgery patients

A

Oral Site

39
Q

What type of method/site

• Most accurate and reliable
• Differs about 0.1 C from core body temperature
• Done for newborns to also check for an imperforate anus
• Contraindications: rectal surgery, diarrhea or hemorrhoids and other diseases
of the rectum

A

Rectal Site

40
Q

What type of method/site is used for taking body temp for newborns?

A

Rectal Site

41
Q

What type of Method/Site

• Safe and non-invasive
• Preferred site for newborns because it is safe and accessible
• Less potential for spreading microorganisms
• Thermometer must be left in place longer to obtain an accurate measurement
• Make sure that the area is dry and not wet with perspiration, deodorants,
cream, or the like; do not rub the area dry vigorously as friction will increase
the temperature

A

Axillary Site

42
Q

What type of Method/Site

• Readily accessible; reflects core body temperature; very fast
• Can be uncomfortable and may injure the membrane if probe inserted too far
• Presence of cerumen can affect reading
• Right and left measurements can differ
• Must employ proper technique when straightening the ear canal for children
below 3 years old (back & down) and children above 3 years old (back & up)

A

Tympanic Membrane

43
Q

What direction is used to get body temperature in tympanic membrane for adults?

A

Up and Back

44
Q

Direction used to get body temp in tympanic membrane for children

A

Down and back

45
Q

Recommended placement time per site for glass thermometers

A

Oral 3 minutes
Rectal 2-3 minutes
Axillary 5 minutes

46
Q

➢ Looks like a glass thermometer & can be used at oral, axillary, and rectal sites
➢ It has a sensing tip at the end of the stem, an on/off button, and a display that
lights up during use.
➢ It takes 1-60 seconds to measure body temperature, depending on the site and
product used.
➢ Needs to wipe rather than soaked with alcohol when cleaning

A

Digital Thermometer

47
Q

➢ Has a temperature sensitive probe covered with a disposable sheath and
attached by a coiled wire to a display unit
➢ Has probes for oral / axillary as well as rectal use

A

Electronic Thermometer

48
Q

➢ Uses infrared technology that detects
warmth radiating from the eardrum
➢ Probe is covered with a probe cover
prior insertion to the ear canal
➢ Ready may take 1-3 seconds

A

Tympanic / Infrared Thermometer

49
Q

➢ Varies from liquid crystal dots, bars,
or heat-sensitive tape / patches that
change color
➢ Can be reused several times

A

Chemical Thermometer

50
Q

Thermometer that are used for temples

A

Temporal Thermometer

51
Q

Thermometer that are mostly used for babies

A

Pacifier Thermometer

52
Q

3 equipment for measure body temp

A
  1. Thermometer
  2. Automated Monitoring Devices
  3. Continuous Monitoring Devices
53
Q

Freezing & Boiling Point in Fahrenheit

A

freezing point @ 32 F & boiling point of water @ 212 F

54
Q

Freezing and Boiling point of water in Celsius

A

freezing point @ 0 C & boiling point of water @ 100 C

55
Q

Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

multiply by 9/5 & add 32

56
Q

Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

subtract 32 & multiply by 5/9

57
Q

Common Measurement of Temperature

A
  1. Using a glass thermometer
    a. oral
    b. rectal
    c. axillary
  2. Using a tympanic thermometer
  3. Using a digital thermometer
    a. Oral
    b. rectal
    c. axillary

FUNDA (9 decks)

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