intro and ploidy

Question 1

where does genetic variability between homologous chromosomes come from

Answer 1

1. independent assortment of homologous chromosomes
2. crossing over
3. fertilization
4. mutation

Question 2

what occurs in S phase of meiosis

Answer 2

chromosomes replicate and mutations can occur here

Question 3

what occurs during prophase

Answer 3

homologous chromosomes pair, crossing over occurs here

Question 4

what occurs during metaphase I

Answer 4

independent assortment occurs here; two daughter cells each contain one of each type of chromosome but each chromosome still consists of 2 sister chromatids

Question 5

what occurs in meiosis II

Answer 5

two daughter cells from meiosis I haploid, but replicated chromosomes - need to reduce further

Question 6

what does it mean for a cell to be haploid

Answer 6

only one copy of each chromosome

Question 7

what does it mean for a cell to be diploid

Answer 7

if a chromosome has a homologous twin (making homologous chromosome), it is diploid

Question 8

how do two diploid organisms produce diploid offspring

Answer 8

need to reduce the chromosomal complement of their gametes by half to produce diploid offspring