development II Flashcards
what does testosterone stimulate the wolffian ducts to develop into
-seminal vesicles
-epididymis
-vas deferens
what do sertoli cells secrete
anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
what is the purpose of AMH
causes apoptosis of mullerian ducts
what happens if there are no AMH
mullerian ducts stay and wolffian ducts will degenerate if not stimulated by testosterone
what do mullerian ducts become
-uterus
-oviducts
-cervix
-top of vagina
what would happen to the development of gonads and internal reproductive structures, if an SRY gene having individual had a mutation such that their AMH receptors did not work
-gonads: SRY? yes –> testes
-internal structures: if testes present, make T and will form epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles
if testes present but AMH receptors don’t work, mullerian ducts won’t leave and will form oviducts, uterus, cervix, and top of vagina
-fertility: sperm production is normal
what is persistent mullerian duct syndrome
-gonads are testicles
-internal reproductive systems of both sexes
-external genitalia are penis, scrotum
what does testosterone secreted by Leydig cells converted to
dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by an enzyme 5alpha-reductase
DHT is really what
potent androgen (don’t need a lot to make a big effect)
what does DHT signal
the genital tubercule to become penis, labioscrotal swellings to become scrotum
what if there’s no DHT
external genitalia will become clitoris, labia, vagina (lower portion)
An XY person does not have functional receptors for androgens (T and DHT). What happens to gonads, wolffian & mullerian ducts, LH/FSH levels
-gonads: testicles
-wolffian? no. making T but no receptors
-mullerian? no.
-external: DHT? available but no androgen receptors so makes clitoris, labia, bottom of vagina
how does increased LH/FSH and testosterone affect the individual
increased estrogen: development of secondary sex characteristics like breasts, bone morphology, and fat deposition
5alpha reductase convers T to DHT. An XY person does not make 5alpha reductase. what happens to internal external structures
-internal: normal, make T and AMH, Wolffian ducts stay
-external: no DHT so there would be vagina, labia, clitoris
DHT is required for testes to what during puberty
descend
