Intro And History 2 Flashcards
Define anchorage dependence and contact inhibition of locomotion
Anchorage dependence-
Need for contact to stable surface for survival
Contact inhibition-
Cells change direction of migration upon contact with another cell
What needs to be in a cell culture medium
Defined components: Basal medium containing salts, nutrients Inorganic salts Carbohydrates Amino acids Vitamins Lipids Proteins 5-20% serum
Types of serum
Fetal bovine serum
Modifications of Eagles Minimum essential medium EMEM
What does serum provide
Carrier proteins
Hormones
Trace elements
Essential extra components of cell culture medium
Attachment factor eg. ECM components such as fibronectin, vitronectin, collagens
What chemical factors in serum aid proliferation?
Insulin like growth factor IGF
epidermal growth factor EGF
Fibroblast growth factor FGF
What is the interaction between cell/ECM
Anchors cells and allows for support and stability
Provides scaffold for cells to migrate
Cells detect composition of environment by signalling eg. Integrins
What are the progressions of actions of cells in culture
Spread until it adopts squashed morphology
Acquires polarity to become mobile
What is blebbing
Cell surface explores with round protrusions to try and sample environment
Much more common in cells with no contact to ECM
What is the effect of scatter factor
Epithelial cells cultured with fibroblasts have a scattered phenotype
Disruption caused epithelial cells to appear highly motile
Fibroblasts secrete a protein which causes epithelial to mesenchymal transformation
What is a hepatocyte growth factor HGF and what is its receptor
Its a scatter factor, mainly produced by mesenchymal cells
Receptor:
C-met proto oncogene
Met receptor is a transmembrane kinase receptor
Transphophorylate each other
Affects developmental processes
What is HGF commonly used for
Used for developmental remodelling in vitro or understand invasive properties of tumour development
ECM affects how cells respond to HGF
What external factors influence the scattering effect
Dependent on type of attachment factor coating the culture surface
Eg. Greater scatter when cells cultured on collagen rather than serum
Surface material also influences effect of HGF
What effect does HGF induce on a 2D surface
On a flat surface, causes cell to disperse, scatter, loss of cell cell contact
Effect of HGF on 3D gels
Stimulates spherical cysts to remodel to form branching tubules
Cells invade surrounding matrix without detaching, important in repair and development
