Intro and Genetics & Neutral Evolution

Question 1

Define “evolution”

Answer 1

Descent with modification

Change in allele frequency

Question 2

Give 5 examples of evidence for evolution

Answer 2

1. Artificial selection (selective breeding)
2. Geographic distribution
3. Palaeontology (fossil finds)
4. Comparative anatomy
5. Embryology (all start off very similar)

Question 3

What was Gregor Mendel’s conclusion?

What can this be explained by now?

Answer 3

Genetic material is particulate, it cannot blend

Meiosis

Question 4

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 4

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 5

How do you calculate the frequency of (A) or (a)?

Answer 5

A/2Ne = p
a/2Ne = q
Therefore p + q = 1

Question 6

Conditions of Hardy-Weinberg:

Answer 6

Large population
No mutation
No gene flow
No selection
Random mating

Question 7

Gene flow changes -

Answer 7

Allele frequency

Question 8

Bottlenecking reduces - and therefore -

Answer 8

Genetic diversity

Variation

Question 9

Define genetic drift

Answer 9

Changes in allele frequency due to chance

Question 10

What percentage of the time is an allele fixed?

Answer 10

10%