Intro Anatomy, Skin, Burns

Question 1

Gross (topographical) Anatomy

Answer 1

also known as Regional Anatomy, study by region

Question 2

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 2

based on systems of the body eg. CVS, GI, MSK

Question 3

Neuroanatomy

Answer 3

study of the Central Nervous System [CNS], brain etc.

Question 4

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 4

Embryology: development of embryo & fetus

Question 5

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 5

Histology: study of cells [cell biology] and tissues

Question 6

Surface (Clinical) Anatomy

Answer 6

important for physical examination. Have mental picture of how it projects onto the skin

Question 7

Living Anatomy/Imaging Anatomy

Answer 7

Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging

Question 8

Clinical/Surgical/Applied Anatomy

Answer 8

how to approach internal parts of body (ie how to get to appendix, etc)

Question 9

Other name for horizontal plane

Answer 9

aka axial plane, esp in radiology. Perspective is looking from feet to head (their right is your left)

Question 10

What does the term leg refer to?

Answer 10

Specifically between the knee and foot

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

body parts close together, eg., fetal position

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

body parts away from each other, eg., high jumper

Question 13

Adduction

Answer 13

to describe limbs moving toward the midline; “adding” to it

Question 14

Abduction

Answer 14

to describe limbs moving away from the midline, “taking away” from it

Question 15

Pronation

Answer 15

palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly if resting on a surface

Question 16

Supination

Answer 16

palm faces anteriorly or superiorly as in holding a bowl of ‘soup’

Question 17

Lateral (external) rotation

Answer 17

turning outward away from the midline (for feet, or for flexed arm 90 degrees)

Question 18

Medial (internal) rotation

Answer 18

turning inward, towards the midline (for feet, or for flexed arm 90 degrees)

Question 19

Circumduction

Answer 19

a combination of all the above movements in arm or leg (like egg beater)

Question 20

Order of layers of skin (surface to deep)

Answer 20

Epidermis, dermis, superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue), deep fascia, (skeletal muscle)

Question 21

Epidermis

Answer 21

Stratified squamous epithelium built for withstanding abrasion and provides a barrier against infection and water

Question 22

Dermis

Answer 22

Dense irregular connective tissue; brings blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics to skin; contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Orientation of collagen bundles gives skin its “grain”. Important for healing of incisions (along Langer’s lines - heals without tension, slight scar).

Question 23

Superficial fascia

Answer 23

Loose areolar connective tissue with fat that forms the “packing material” body. Contains the platysma muscle (in face and neck) and the mammary gland in the female (also in male but weak)

Question 24

Deep fascia

Answer 24

Important in the lower limb for venous return (helps in legs, esp with movement). Not using this can result in thrombosis which can lead to pulmonary thrombosis and death

Question 25

Superficial wound

Answer 25

Penetrates as deep as superficial fascia

Question 26

Deep wound

Answer 26

Penetrates to deep fascia or deeper

Question 27

1st degree burn

Answer 27

involves the epidermis (superficial/partial thickness)

Question 28

2nd degree burn

Answer 28

involves the dermis as well (partial thickness/deep dermal burn)

Question 29

3rd degree burn

Answer 29

goes down to deep fascia (full thickness)

Question 30

Burn Healing

Answer 30

1st and 2nd heal from endothelial cells in glands; 3rd only from periphery, usually needs skin graft

Question 31

Complications of burns

Answer 31

infection (loss of barrier), hypovolemia (loss of fluid - shock)

Question 32

Retromammary space

Answer 32

gives female breast mobility on the chest wall, found between pectoralis major and superficial fascia

Question 33

Cooper’s ligaments

Answer 33

provide suspension to the breast. Become lax with ageing.