Intro Anatomy, Skin, Burns Flashcards
Gross (topographical) Anatomy
also known as Regional Anatomy, study by region
Systemic Anatomy
based on systems of the body eg. CVS, GI, MSK
Neuroanatomy
study of the Central Nervous System [CNS], brain etc.
Developmental Anatomy
Embryology: development of embryo & fetus
Microscopic Anatomy
Histology: study of cells [cell biology] and tissues
Surface (Clinical) Anatomy
important for physical examination. Have mental picture of how it projects onto the skin
Living Anatomy/Imaging Anatomy
Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging
Clinical/Surgical/Applied Anatomy
how to approach internal parts of body (ie how to get to appendix, etc)
Other name for horizontal plane
aka axial plane, esp in radiology. Perspective is looking from feet to head (their right is your left)
What does the term leg refer to?
Specifically between the knee and foot
Flexion
body parts close together, eg., fetal position
Extension
body parts away from each other, eg., high jumper
Adduction
to describe limbs moving toward the midline; “adding” to it
Abduction
to describe limbs moving away from the midline, “taking away” from it
Pronation
palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly if resting on a surface
Supination
palm faces anteriorly or superiorly as in holding a bowl of ‘soup’
Lateral (external) rotation
turning outward away from the midline (for feet, or for flexed arm 90 degrees)
Medial (internal) rotation
turning inward, towards the midline (for feet, or for flexed arm 90 degrees)
Circumduction
a combination of all the above movements in arm or leg (like egg beater)
Order of layers of skin (surface to deep)
Epidermis, dermis, superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue), deep fascia, (skeletal muscle)
Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium built for withstanding abrasion and provides a barrier against infection and water
Dermis
Dense irregular connective tissue; brings blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics to skin; contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Orientation of collagen bundles gives skin its “grain”. Important for healing of incisions (along Langer’s lines - heals without tension, slight scar).
Superficial fascia
Loose areolar connective tissue with fat that forms the “packing material” body. Contains the platysma muscle (in face and neck) and the mammary gland in the female (also in male but weak)
Deep fascia
Important in the lower limb for venous return (helps in legs, esp with movement). Not using this can result in thrombosis which can lead to pulmonary thrombosis and death
Superficial wound
Penetrates as deep as superficial fascia
Deep wound
Penetrates to deep fascia or deeper
1st degree burn
involves the epidermis (superficial/partial thickness)
2nd degree burn
involves the dermis as well (partial thickness/deep dermal burn)
3rd degree burn
goes down to deep fascia (full thickness)
Burn Healing
1st and 2nd heal from endothelial cells in glands; 3rd only from periphery, usually needs skin graft
Complications of burns
infection (loss of barrier), hypovolemia (loss of fluid - shock)
Retromammary space
gives female breast mobility on the chest wall, found between pectoralis major and superficial fascia
Cooper’s ligaments
provide suspension to the breast. Become lax with ageing.
