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Hematology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

The first in dx anemia?

A

CBC

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2
Q

Mean Cell Volume

A

measure of average RBC size

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3
Q

Normocytic MCV?

A

80-100fl

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4
Q

Microcytic MCV?

A

<80fl

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5
Q

Macrocytic MCV?

A

> 100fl

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6
Q

Measure of color

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration (MCHC)

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7
Q

Normochromic MCHC?

A

32-36 g/dl

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8
Q

Hypochromic MCHC?

A

<32 g/dl

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9
Q

Hyperchromic MCHC?

A

can’t exceed 37g/dl

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10
Q

Measure of weight?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb (MCH)

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11
Q

Normochromic MCH?

A

26-34 pg

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12
Q

Hypchromic MCH?

A

<26pg

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13
Q

Hyperchromic MCH?

A

> 34 pg

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14
Q

Most common cause of Anemia worldwide?

A

iron deficiency anemia (microcytic)

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

A

bleeding

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16
Q

Malabsorption causing iron deficiency anemia?

A

celiac disease
Crohn’s
Gastric bypass

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17
Q

What weird thing can pt with iron deficiency anemia develop?

A

pica

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18
Q

Spoon nails, glossitis, Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

What lab point to iron deficiency anemia?

A

serum ferritin

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20
Q

What is the txt for iron deficiency anemia?

A

ferrous sulfate 325mg PO till iron levels are normal

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21
Q

How long should iron be continued after Hgb has returned to normal?

A

4-6 mo to replete iron stores

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22
Q

Labs for chronic anemia?

A

normal or elevated serum ferritin

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23
Q

Txt for chronic anemia?

A

Darbepoetin 300 mcg q 2-3 weeks

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24
Q

Darbepoetin increases the risk of what?

A

MI and CVA

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25
Q

What is thalassemia microcytic anemia seen in?

A

southeast asian, mediterranean, african americans

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26
Q

a thalassemia disorders

A

deficiency or absence of a-globin chains

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27
Q

b thalassemia disorders

A

deficiency or absence of b-globin chains

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28
Q

What is Thalassemia?

A

gene deletion or point mutations which cause a decrease in synthesis or production or globin chains a or b

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29
Q

microcytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?

A

2 a-globin

30
Q

microcytic chronic hemolytic anemia in what thalassemia?

A

1 a-globin

31
Q

No a-globin gene present?

A

fetus is stillborn (Hydrops Fetalis)

32
Q

mild microcytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?

A

B-thalassemia minor

33
Q

Microcyctic hemolytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?

A

B-thalassemia intermedia

34
Q

What is used to dx B-thalassemia?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

35
Q

What is seen on a electrophoresis for B-thalassemia?

A

elevated levels of A2 and F

36
Q

How is a-thalassemia dx?

37
Q

What is the txt of choice for B-thalassemia major?

A

bone marrow transplant

38
Q

What does lead poisoning cause in children?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

39
Q

What does chronic alcoholism cause?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

40
Q

What is seen in factory works inhaling lead?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

41
Q

S/S of lead poisoning?

A

lead line on gums, foot or wrist drop, abdominal pain

42
Q

What is the management for Sideroblastic anemia?

A

remove lead source
possibly transfusion
Chelation therapy
Consult tox

43
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

44
Q

What contains 2000-5000mcg of stored Vitamin B12?

45
Q

What is required for the main reaction of DNA synthesis?

46
Q

What is the #1 cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

inability to absorb

47
Q

What the big symptom seen in Vit B12 deficiency?

A

neurologic dysfunction: ataxia, weakness, dementia

48
Q

Determines if underlying cause of B12 deficiency is pernicious anemia?

A

Shilling Test

49
Q

What labs confirms the diagnosis of B12 defiency

A

elevated level of MMA and homocysteine

50
Q

Txt for B12 deficiency?

A

IM injection of Vit B12 100mcg

51
Q

Risk of Vit B12?

A

life threatening hypokalemia

52
Q

What cause pernicious anemia?

A

atrophy of the gastric parietal cells

53
Q

Txt for pernicious anemia?

A

1000ug Vitamin B12 IM week, mo or remainder of life

54
Q

Folic acid deficiency?

A

macrocytic / megaloblastic anemia

55
Q

What are the s/s of folic acid deficiency?

A

similar to B12 w/o neurologic abnormalities

56
Q

What is the most common cause of folate deficiency?

A

inadequate dietary intake

57
Q

Dx for folic acid deficiency?

A

RBC folic acid level < 150mg/ml

58
Q

X-linked recessive disorder, seen in African Americans and mediterranean males?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)

59
Q

Fava beans

60
Q

Txt for G6PD

A

self limited
avoid offending agents
severe: blood transfusion

61
Q

Autosomal dominant disease, spherical shape causing RBCs to be trapped in the spleen

A

Hereditary Spherocytes

62
Q

Diagnostic study of hereditary spherocytosis?

A

increase indirect bilirubin

Coombs test neg

63
Q

Txt for Hereditary spherocytosis?

A

folic acid
splenectomy
refer to hematologist

64
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

A

autoimmune suppression of hematopoieis by a T cell mediated cellular mechanism

65
Q

S/S of aplastic anemia?

A

pallor, purpura, petechiae

66
Q

Hallmark finding in aplastic anemia?

A

pancytopenia

67
Q

Who are heterozygous for Hgb S (sickle cell trait)

A

African americans

68
Q

What age does sickle cell appear?

A

around 6 mo

69
Q

What is the primary cause of hospitalizations in sickle cell?

A

acute vaso-occlusive

70
Q

What is Acute chest syndrome seen in?

A

sickle cell

71
Q

What is used to diagnosis sickle cell anemia?

A

Hgb electrophoresis

72
Q

Txt for sickle cell anemia?

A

folic acid
analgesics
immunizations
prophylactic PCN up to 6yrs

Hematology (4 decks)

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