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Intro Flashcards

1
Q

The first in dx anemia?

A

CBC

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2
Q

Mean Cell Volume

A

measure of average RBC size

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3
Q

Normocytic MCV?

A

80-100fl

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4
Q

Microcytic MCV?

A

<80fl

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5
Q

Macrocytic MCV?

A

> 100fl

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6
Q

Measure of color

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration (MCHC)

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7
Q

Normochromic MCHC?

A

32-36 g/dl

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8
Q

Hypochromic MCHC?

A

<32 g/dl

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9
Q

Hyperchromic MCHC?

A

can’t exceed 37g/dl

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10
Q

Measure of weight?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hgb (MCH)

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11
Q

Normochromic MCH?

A

26-34 pg

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12
Q

Hypchromic MCH?

A

<26pg

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13
Q

Hyperchromic MCH?

A

> 34 pg

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14
Q

Most common cause of Anemia worldwide?

A

iron deficiency anemia (microcytic)

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

A

bleeding

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16
Q

Malabsorption causing iron deficiency anemia?

A

celiac disease
Crohn’s
Gastric bypass

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17
Q

What weird thing can pt with iron deficiency anemia develop?

A

pica

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18
Q

Spoon nails, glossitis, Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

What lab point to iron deficiency anemia?

A

serum ferritin

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20
Q

What is the txt for iron deficiency anemia?

A

ferrous sulfate 325mg PO till iron levels are normal

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21
Q

How long should iron be continued after Hgb has returned to normal?

A

4-6 mo to replete iron stores

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22
Q

Labs for chronic anemia?

A

normal or elevated serum ferritin

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23
Q

Txt for chronic anemia?

A

Darbepoetin 300 mcg q 2-3 weeks

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24
Q

Darbepoetin increases the risk of what?

A

MI and CVA

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25
What is thalassemia microcytic anemia seen in?
southeast asian, mediterranean, african americans
26
a thalassemia disorders
deficiency or absence of a-globin chains
27
b thalassemia disorders
deficiency or absence of b-globin chains
28
What is Thalassemia?
gene deletion or point mutations which cause a decrease in synthesis or production or globin chains a or b
29
microcytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?
2 a-globin
30
microcytic chronic hemolytic anemia in what thalassemia?
1 a-globin
31
No a-globin gene present?
fetus is stillborn (Hydrops Fetalis)
32
mild microcytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?
B-thalassemia minor
33
Microcyctic hemolytic anemia is seen in what thalassemia?
B-thalassemia intermedia
34
What is used to dx B-thalassemia?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
35
What is seen on a electrophoresis for B-thalassemia?
elevated levels of A2 and F
36
How is a-thalassemia dx?
exclusion
37
What is the txt of choice for B-thalassemia major?
bone marrow transplant
38
What does lead poisoning cause in children?
Sideroblastic anemia
39
What does chronic alcoholism cause?
Sideroblastic anemia
40
What is seen in factory works inhaling lead?
Sideroblastic anemia
41
S/S of lead poisoning?
lead line on gums, foot or wrist drop, abdominal pain
42
What is the management for Sideroblastic anemia?
remove lead source possibly transfusion Chelation therapy Consult tox
43
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
44
What contains 2000-5000mcg of stored Vitamin B12?
LIVER
45
What is required for the main reaction of DNA synthesis?
B12
46
What is the #1 cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
inability to absorb
47
What the big symptom seen in Vit B12 deficiency?
neurologic dysfunction: ataxia, weakness, dementia
48
Determines if underlying cause of B12 deficiency is pernicious anemia?
Shilling Test
49
What labs confirms the diagnosis of B12 defiency
elevated level of MMA and homocysteine
50
Txt for B12 deficiency?
IM injection of Vit B12 100mcg
51
Risk of Vit B12?
life threatening hypokalemia
52
What cause pernicious anemia?
atrophy of the gastric parietal cells
53
Txt for pernicious anemia?
1000ug Vitamin B12 IM week, mo or remainder of life
54
Folic acid deficiency?
macrocytic / megaloblastic anemia
55
What are the s/s of folic acid deficiency?
similar to B12 w/o neurologic abnormalities
56
What is the most common cause of folate deficiency?
inadequate dietary intake
57
Dx for folic acid deficiency?
RBC folic acid level < 150mg/ml
58
X-linked recessive disorder, seen in African Americans and mediterranean males?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
59
Fava beans
G6PD
60
Txt for G6PD
self limited avoid offending agents severe: blood transfusion
61
Autosomal dominant disease, spherical shape causing RBCs to be trapped in the spleen
Hereditary Spherocytes
62
Diagnostic study of hereditary spherocytosis?
increase indirect bilirubin | Coombs test neg
63
Txt for Hereditary spherocytosis?
folic acid splenectomy refer to hematologist
64
What is aplastic anemia?
autoimmune suppression of hematopoieis by a T cell mediated cellular mechanism
65
S/S of aplastic anemia?
pallor, purpura, petechiae
66
Hallmark finding in aplastic anemia?
pancytopenia
67
Who are heterozygous for Hgb S (sickle cell trait)
African americans
68
What age does sickle cell appear?
around 6 mo
69
What is the primary cause of hospitalizations in sickle cell?
acute vaso-occlusive
70
What is Acute chest syndrome seen in?
sickle cell
71
What is used to diagnosis sickle cell anemia?
Hgb electrophoresis
72
Txt for sickle cell anemia?
folic acid analgesics immunizations prophylactic PCN up to 6yrs

Hematology (4 decks)

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