ACE THIS EXAM GIRL! Flashcards
Most common cause of anemia worldwide?
iron deficiency anemia
Most common cause for iron deficiency anemia?
bleeding
Spoon nails, cheilosis
iron deficiency anemia
Microcytosis, normal iron level and family hx
Thalassemia
What is the definitive dx for sideroblastic anemia?
bone marrow
Macrocytic anemia
Vitamin B12
What is the number 1 cause of Vit B12 deficiency?
inability to absorb
What test determines the underlying cause of anemia?
Shilling TEST
Most common cause of folate deficiency
inadequate dietary intake
Diagnostic RBC folic acid level?
<150 mg/ml
African African males and Mediterranean population
G6PD
Fava beans
G6PD
Heinz Bodies
G6PD
Primary cause of hospitilzations
acute vaso-occlusive crisis
Diagnosis of choice for sickle cell?
Hgb electrophoresis
Autoimmune suppression of hematopoiesis by a T cell mediated cellular mechanism
aplastic anemia
Basophillic stippling, target cells, poikilocytosis
Thalassemia
Lead line gum, foot drop, long bones lead lines
Sideroblastic Anemia
Elevated level of MMA and Homocysteine
B12
Risk factor for admin of Vit B12
Hypokalemia
Northern European and African American
Pernicious anemia
MC cause of folate acid deficiency?
inadequate dietary intake
RBC folic acid level?
<150 mg/ml
“Bite” or blister cells?
G6PD
Txt for G6PD?
self limited
Coombs test negative
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Disorder of RBC membrane, causing spherical shape
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Howell- Jolly bodies, and target cells (Hyposplenism)
Sickle cell Anemia
DOC for sickle cell?
Hgb electrophoresis
Panctyopenia
aplastic anemia
pallor, purpura, petechiae
aplastic anemia
TXT for aplastic anemia
supportive care
MC form of thrombocytopenia
immune thrombocytopenia
Hemorrhagic bullae
immune thrombocytopenia
Txt for immune thrombocytopenia?
corticosteriods
TTP defeiciency?
von Willebrand’s factor
Schistocytes, helmet cells
TTP
TXT for TTP?
Plasmapheresis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome bacteria?
E.coli
TXT for HUS?
supportive care
Decrease platelets and schistocytes?
DIC
What does HELLP stand for?
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets
Severe form of DIC?
HELLP
Missing Factor 8
Hemophilia A
Missing Factor 9
Hemophilia B
Missing Factor 11
Hemophilia C
Hemarthrosis?
Hemophilia A
Ashkenzai Jewish descent?
Hemophilia C
MC inherited bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand’s Disease
MC von Willebrand type?
Type I
TXT for von Willebrand?
DDAVP
Des gamma carboxy prothrombin marker?
Vitamin K
Two factors the liver doesn’t produce?
VIII and vWF
Deficiency in antithrombin III?
Antithrombin III
Recurrent DVT and PE
Protein C and S deficiency
MC of Protein C and S?
C
Activated Protein C resistance test?
Factor V Leiden
4 acquired hyper coagulability?
pregnancy
malignancy
OCP
Lupus anticoagulant
Mutation in JAK2?
Polycythemia Vera
Hemotocrit > 54% males, 51% females
Polycythemia Vera
TXT for polycythemia vera?
Phlebotomy
High altitudes?
Polycythemia vera
Reed Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Abdominal pain or fullness?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
M-protein
Multiple Myeloma
Lytic lesions, “Moth eaten”?
Multiple Myeloma
Bence jones
Multiple Myeloma
Rouleaux formation and hypercalcemia
Multiple Myeloma
TXT for multiple myeloma?
biologic agents (IMIDs) and Dexmethasone
Most common childhood malignancy?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Philadelphia chromosome w/ poor prognosis?
ALL
negative peroxidase and sudan black stain
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
MC form of leukemia in adults in US
Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
Proliferation of MATURE lymphocytes in peripheral
CLL
Smudge cells?
Chronic Lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)
Lymphocytosis?
CLL
Auer rods?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Peroxidase and sudan black stain posItive
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Philadelphia chromosome
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
TXT for CML?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imatnib)
Dx for chronic myeloid leukemia?
PCR
MC type of Hodgkin?
Classic
Staging of Lymphomas?
Stage I- 1 lymph node region involved
Stage II- 2 or more lymph node regions involved, one side of diaphragm
Stage III- lymph nodes regions on both sides of diaphragm
Stage IV- disseminated w/ extra nodal involvement
Difference between folic and B12 defiecincy
neuro abnormalities
How do you distinguish between hemolytic anemia’s?
Coombs test
Hgb Electrophoresis
TXT for chronic anemia?
Darbepoetin, Erythropoietin
List four disease states in which you may find
basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning, beta or alpha thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia,
What molecule binds iron in the blood stream?
Transferrin
Inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to lack of
intrinsic factor is what disease?
Perinicous anemia
Will unconjugated bilirubin be high or low in a
patient with sickle cell disease?
high
Would anemia of chronic disease most likely be
macrocytic, normocytic or microcytic?
normocytic
Will the serum ferritin be high or low in a patient
with iron deficient anemia?
It will almost always be low
G6PD deficiency follows what pattern of
inheritance?
X-linked
Strict vegans are at risk for what type of anemia?
B12 deficiency anemia
The term Philadelphia chromosome should make
you think of what diagnosis?
Chronic myeloid leukemia
List the three diagnosis you should be thinking of if
a question includes Heinz bodies.
G6PD deficiency anemia, chronic liver
disease, alpha thalassemia
Normal range for MCV?
80-100
Are target cells seen in mild or severe iron
deficiency anemia?
Severe
How do you treat a sickle cell crisis?
Fluids, oxygen, pain medication,
transfusion may be necessary
A patient of Mediterranean descent is a clue for
which type of anemia?
Beta thalassemia
