intro

Question 1

Contemporary definition of Personality

Answer 1

A set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that

refer to differences among individuals in a typical tendency to behave, think, or feel in some conceptually related ways,

across a variety of relevant situations, and across some fairly long period of time

Question 2

Definition of personality traits

Answer 2

1. Differences among individuals
2. Tendency to behave, think, or feel
3. In some conceptually related ways
4. Across situations
5. Across time

Question 3

1. Differences among individuals

Answer 3

A personality description is a comparison with other people

Question 4

2. Tendency to behave, think, or feel

Answer 4

Likelihood of showing some behaviours or having some thoughts or feelings

Question 5

3. In some conceptually related ways (how they express)

Answer 5

Traits are expressed by various behaviours, thoughts, and feelings

Question 6

4. Across situations

Answer 6

Not just one specific situation, but consistency across a variety of settings

Question 7

5. Across time

Answer 7

Relatively stable pattern that can be observed over the long run

Question 8

Measurement of personality

Answer 8

Self-reports

Observer-reports

Question 9

Evaluation of personality measure: Reliability

Answer 9

consistent results??

Internal-consistency reliability

Interrater reliability

Test-retest reliability

Question 10

Internal-consistency reliability

Answer 10

Items of a measure are Correlated with each other

Question 11

Interrater reliability

Answer 11

Agreement between the scores of different raters/observers

Question 12

Test-retest reliability

Answer 12

Consistency between scores across Different Measurement Occasions

Question 13

Evaluation of personality measure: Validity

Answer 13

Test measures what it claims to measure

Content validity

Construct validity

Question 14

Content validity

Answer 14

All relevant features of the construct,

and does not assess irrelevant features

Question 15

Construct validity

Answer 15

Same construct that it is intended to asses

Convergent validity

Discriminant validity

Question 16

Convergent validity

Answer 16

Similar (positive relations) or Opposite (negative relations) characteristics

Question 17

Discriminant validity

Answer 17

Unrelated to the one the scale is intended to measure

Question 18

Criterion validity

Answer 18

Relations with relevant outcome variables, known as the -> predictive validity

Question 19

Personality Psychology

Answer 19

Aims to understand why and how individuals differ and to predict differences and similarities between individuals across a wide range of settings

Academic performance
Performance at work
Relationships
Criminality
Abnormality