intro Flashcards
Contemporary definition of Personality
A set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that
refer to differences among individuals in a typical tendency to behave, think, or feel in some conceptually related ways,
across a variety of relevant situations, and across some fairly long period of time
Definition of personality traits
- Differences among individuals
- Tendency to behave, think, or feel
- In some conceptually related ways
- Across situations
- Across time
- Differences among individuals
A personality description is a comparison with other people
- Tendency to behave, think, or feel
Likelihood of showing some behaviours or having some thoughts or feelings
- In some conceptually related ways (how they express)
Traits are expressed by various behaviours, thoughts, and feelings
- Across situations
Not just one specific situation, but consistency across a variety of settings
- Across time
Relatively stable pattern that can be observed over the long run
Measurement of personality
Self-reports
Observer-reports
Evaluation of personality measure: Reliability
consistent results??
Internal-consistency reliability
Interrater reliability
Test-retest reliability
Internal-consistency reliability
Items of a measure are Correlated with each other
Interrater reliability
Agreement between the scores of different raters/observers
Test-retest reliability
Consistency between scores across Different Measurement Occasions
Evaluation of personality measure: Validity
Test measures what it claims to measure
Content validity
Construct validity
Content validity
All relevant features of the construct,
and does not assess irrelevant features
Construct validity
Same construct that it is intended to asses
Convergent validity
Discriminant validity
Convergent validity
Similar (positive relations) or Opposite (negative relations) characteristics
Discriminant validity
Unrelated to the one the scale is intended to measure
Criterion validity
Relations with relevant outcome variables, known as the -> predictive validity
Personality Psychology
Aims to understand why and how individuals differ and to predict differences and similarities between individuals across a wide range of settings
Academic performance Performance at work Relationships Criminality Abnormality
