Intro

Question 1

What is Zhen Duan?

Answer 1

TCM Diagnosis:
Zhen - examination and testing
Duan - decision and judgement

Question 2

What are “the Four Pillars” (of Zhen Duan/ Diagnosis)?

i.e. the four examination methods

Answer 2

1) inspection / observation
2) listening (auscultation) and smelling (olfaction)
3) inquiry / interrogation
4) palpation

Question 3

What are the 2 aspects of Duan (Zhen Duan)?

Answer 3

1) disease identification

2) pattern recognition

Question 4

What is the translation of “Bing”?

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

What is the translation of “xie qi”?

Answer 5

pathogenic factor

Question 6

What is the translation of “zheng qi”?

Answer 6

antipathogenic qi

Question 7

What does the name of a Pattern describe? (5)

Answer 7

• Pathogen (ex damp)
• Location (int/ext)
• Nature (hot/cold)
• Pathogenesis (“wind cold attacks the exterior”)
• Antipathegenic qi state (def/xs)

Question 8

What does zheng zhuang translate to?

Answer 8

signs and symptoms

Question 9

Of signs and symptoms, which is objective and which is subjective?

Answer 9

signs- objective data

symptoms- subjective feelings

Question 10

Name four different methods of pattern differentiation.

Answer 10

1) eight principle
2) six-stage
3) four-level
4) etiology

Question 11

Do you first identify the disease or differentiate the pattern?

Answer 11

the disease

Question 12

What does the Pattern describe?

Answer 12

the pathology at a particular stage of the disease

while the disease represents the entire course of pathological changes associated with an illness

Question 13

What major areas fall under the Scope of Inspection? (5)

Answer 13

1) the whole body
2) local areas
3) infant’s index finger
4) excreta and secretions
5) tongue (body and coating)

Question 14

What are the two aspects of Essence?

Answer 14

congenital; acquired

Question 15

Why should special attention be put on eye movement when inspecting Shen? (3)

Answer 15

• window of the LR
• messenger of the HT
• essence and qi of all zang fu organs rise and pour into eyes

Question 16

What are the 3 clinical manifestations of Spirit?

Answer 16

• having spirit
• fatigued spirit
• lack of spirit

Question 17

What are the manifestations of a “Fatigued Spirit (shen pi)”? (5)

Answer 17

• poor memory
• listlessness
• fatigue, lassitude (state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy)
• weak and low voice, aversion to speaking
• slow and awkward actions

Question 18

What is the indication of a Fatigued Spirit (shen pi)?

Answer 18

• Deficiency pattern

- usually cause by HT (mental weariness) and SP (fatigue) def., or KD-yang def.

Question 19

What is the clinical significance of a Fatigued Spirit (shen pi)?

Answer 19

can judge whether state of qi is in excess or deficiency

Question 20

What is: a pathological state wherein deficiencies or disturbances undermine the calm or fullness of the spirit.

Answer 20

lack of spirit (shao shen)

Question 21

Which state of shen is manifested in dull eyes, slow and awkward action, blurred vision, dull complexion and facial expression, heaviness of the body, obtuse actions and responses, mental confusion, delirium, hallucinations, unconsciousness?

Answer 21

Loss of Spirit (shi shen), a subcategory of Lack of Spirit (shao shen)

Question 22

What is False Spirit (jia shen)?

Answer 22

• sudden apparent improvement in condition during terminal stages of serious illness or chronic disease
• patient in critical condition suddenly looks and feels better

Question 23

What does False Spirit (jia shen) indicate?

Answer 23

• exhaustion of antipathogenic qi

- impending failure of yin and yang, in which yin fails to restrain yang and the yang is separating from the yin

Question 24

What subcategories exist under Lack of Spirit (shao shen)?

Answer 24

1) Loss of Spirit (shi shen)
2) Spirit Disturbance (shen luan)
3) False Spirit (jia shen)

Question 25

What are the 6 subcategories of Spirit Disturbance (shen luan)?

Answer 25

1) irritability and restlessness (fan zao) - symptoms of body
2) restless organ disorder (zang zao) - symptoms of mind, psyochoemotional
3) hysteria (bai he bing)
4) Yin madness (dian)
5) Yang madness (kuang)
6) epilepsy (xian)

Question 26

What is the pathogenesis of irritability and restlessness (fan zao)?

Answer 26

path. heat in HT, LU, or KD
- yang, excess symptoms to do with body, cooling down body

-irritability, restlessness, hot and heavy sensation in chest, prefer nudity, jump in lake

Question 27

What is the pathogenesis of restless organ disorder (zang zao)?

Answer 27

HT and LR blood deficiency
- yin, deficiency symptoms of mind, psychoemotional

• mental depression, disorientation, frequent bouts of melancholu and crying spells, frequent yawning, no loss of consciousness, possible hallucinations

Question 28

What is the pathogenesis of hysteria (bai he bing)?

Answer 28

HT and LU yin deficiency

- chronic depression, apathy with aversion to speaking, mumbling to oneself, insomnia, anorexia, sleepwalking

Question 29

What is the pathogenesis of Yin madness (dian)?

Answer 29

• stagnant phlegm (most yin pathogen) misting the HT orifices
• or SP and HT deficiency
• chronic depression, aversion to speaking or mumbling to oneself, laughing or crying inappropriately

Question 30

What is the pathogenesis of Yang madness (kuang)?

Answer 30

• phlegm fire disturbs the mind

- madness and restlessness, singing loudly, favouring high places, aggression vs people or things

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of epilepsy (xian)?

Answer 31

• LR Wind with Phlegm
• or, Phlegm Fire disturbing the HT
• sudden syncope with spasms of limbs, short blackout or period of confused memory, odd changes in the way things look, sound, smell, or feel

Question 32

What does loss of spirit indicate?

Answer 32

exhausted essence, severe illness, poor prognosis