Intro Flashcards

1
Q

energy

A

the capacity of a system for doing work

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2
Q

5 forms of energy

A
electromagnetic
thermal
electrical
sound
mechanical
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3
Q

transfers energy into or out of biological tissues

A

therapeutic modalities

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4
Q

radiation is the primary transfer of energy

A

electromagnetic

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5
Q

distance between peaks on wave

A

wavelength

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6
Q

number of wave oscillations or vibrations

A

frequency

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7
Q

lower frequencies equals

A

longer wavelengths

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8
Q

range of colors

A

spectrum

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9
Q

when light changes direction as a result of differences in wavelength and frequency of color

A

refracted

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10
Q

rays that rebound off material

A

reflected

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11
Q

ray passes through one material to another and changes its path

A

refraction

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12
Q

rays that pass through material

A

transmitted

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13
Q

portion of radiation absorbed into material

A

absorption

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14
Q

no changes can occur in body tissues if the amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate the absorbing tissues

A

Arndt-Schultz Principle

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15
Q

inverse relationship between energy absorption by a tissue and energy penetration to deeper layers

A

Law of Grotthus-Draper

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16
Q

90 degree angle is most efficient for absorption

A

Cosine Law

17
Q

intensity of radiation striking a surface is known to vary inversely with the square of the distance from the source

A

Inverse Square Law

18
Q

ion movement causing rapidly vibrating radiation which produces heat

A

diathermy

19
Q

has a significant effect on soft-tissue and fracture healing. little or no thermal effects

A

low-power laser

20
Q

produces chemical changes in the cutaneous layer of skin. higher energy that violet light

A

Ultraviolet light

21
Q

object heated or cooled to a temperature different than the surrounding environment.

A

thermal energy

22
Q

used to produce a local and generalized heating or cooling of superficial tissues 1cm or less

A

conduction modalities

thermotherapy/cryotherapy

23
Q

used to produce a tissue temp increase

A

thermotherapy

24
Q

used to produce a tissue temp decrease

A

cryotherapy

25
Q

associated with flow of electrons or other charged particles through an electrical field. causes temp rise

A

electrical energy

26
Q

ESTIM capable of: (4)

A
  1. modulating pain
  2. production contractions/relaxation
  3. tissue/bone healing
  4. chemical changes
27
Q

uses electronic instruments to accurately measure reinforcing info via audio or visual signals

A

electromyographic biofeedback

28
Q

consists of pressure waves due to the mechanical vibration of particles

A

sound energy

29
Q

sound has a much greater velocity of transmission in _____ than _____

A

bone, fat

30
Q

deep heating conversion modality. same form of energy as audible sound

A

ultrasound

31
Q

noninvasive modality used for tissue and bone injuries

A

extracorporeal shock wave therapy

32
Q

when work is done on object, object gains energy. energy acquired by object upon which work is done is…

A

mechanical energy

33
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

34
Q

stored energy of position

A

potential energy