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Pathogenic Microbes > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Systematics

A

the scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and of any and all relationships among them.

the study of organismal diversity and inter-relationships.

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2
Q

What Lawson does

A

Systematics, classification, nomenclature, and identification.

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3
Q

Importance of Systematics

A

species identification and epidemiological analysis
searching for novel bioactive compounds
strain typing, in rel- food safety and spoilage
monitor impact o release o GMOs in natural habitats
chart course of microbial evolution
unravelling genotypic and phenotypic diversity
MicroBm
Us rels b/w microbial diversity+ sustainable agriculture
relg history o microbial life on planet to geo changes

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4
Q

Pathogen

A
  • is a bio agent that can/ may cause Dis or illness to its host
  • survival dept on capacity- replicate+ persist on/ in other species» actively breaches/ destroys host barrier that ordinarily restricts/ inhibits other microorganisms
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5
Q

Factors (may/ can cause Dis)

A

Young, old, sexually active, state of health,immuno­compromised

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6
Q

Virulence of organisms

A

How likely- cause disease on contact

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7
Q

Pathogenicity

A

ability of the organism w/in a group/ species of the organism to cause disease+ the severity of that illness

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8
Q

Virulence factors

A
  • pathogens don’t want to kill host!
  • organisms= Source o nutrients, stable, safe environment
  • No Dis in natural wild animal populations!
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9
Q

Multiplicity of infection

A
  • Number of organisms required to cause disease
  • Salmonella: 10 million
  • E.coli 0157: >10
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10
Q

Dis Devo interactions

A
  • Host’s susceptibility to infection
  • The organism’s virulence potential
  • The opportunity for interaction between host-­organism
  • opp /circumstances- allow transmission of org w/in a pop
  • Urbanization and poverty
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11
Q

Endosymbionts

A

any org that lives w/in the body or C o another org (parasitic or symbiotic/ syntrophic)

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12
Q

Bacteria metabolic E obtaining abilities

A

endosymbionts

genome plasticity

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13
Q

genome plasticity

A
  • gene rearrangements, mutation, DNA acquisition–> allows expressn o new proteins
  • depends on virulence factors/ ability- evade host defenses
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14
Q

Greatest defense against microorgs?

A

our brains!–> allow appropriate action to be taken

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15
Q

Greatest human advancement in Medicine?

A

hand washing, general hygiene

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16
Q

Medical advances

A

antibiotics, drugs, vaccines,
surgery, transplants, prosthetics,
gene and nerve therapy
–microorgs can in/directly influc

17
Q

Detective Qs for Sci study

A

Who- at risk?
Where- does org cause infectn (body and geo area)?
When- is isoltn of org import?
Why- is org able to cause Dis?
Which- genera and species medically import?
What- diagnostic tests should be performed?
How- is the infection managed?

18
Q

Detectv Qs o Sci: Who

A

Who at risk?

-young, elderly, sexually act, immune-compromised

19
Q

Detectv Qs o Sci: Where

A

Where does org cause infectn (body/ geo area)?

  • skin, urogenital tracts, respiratory, GI tract
  • Europe, Asia, US
20
Q

Detectv Qs of Sci: When

A

When is isolation of org important?

  • host= time limit w/ physical symptoms
  • bact= life cycles, vectors, seasonal, intracellular
21
Q

Detectv Qs of Sci: Why

A

Why is org able to cause Dis?

-breach of skin and other body defenses, non-specific and specific immune systems, immune-compromised

22
Q

Detectv Qs of Sci: Which

A

Which genera and species are medically important?

-Clostridium difficile, C. botulinum, Staphylococcus (MRSA).

23
Q

Detectv Qs of Sci: What

A

What diagnostic tests should be performed?

  • gram stain, culture, serology (specific antibiotics)
  • increased use of molecular methods
24
Q

Detectv Qs of Sci: How

A

How is the infection managed?

-antibodies, surgery, bld transfusion, organ transplant, chemotherapy, quarantine, gene therapy, prosthetics?

25
Q

How incorp all 7 Qs of Sci?- Community

A
  • Gen practitioners/ MDs: keep up w/ treatments, drugs, outbreaks
  • Pharmacists: assist GP with drug knowledge
26
Q

How incorp all 7 Qs of Sci?- Hospital Environs

A
  • Physicians: diagnose based on case history, discussion/ physical exams, specimen collection, experience (TB example, keep up with latest news
  • Nurses/ Pas: admin drugs, support physician
  • microbiologists, biochemists, hematologists, immunologists
27
Q

How incorp all 7 Qs of Sci?- Fed/ Gov

A
  • Ref Labs: specialized knowledge/ experience- id unusual orgs
  • epidemiologists: track Dis outbreaks+ new virulent strains, alert info passed down, initiate appropriate axn+ predict/ prevent Dis outbreaks.
28
Q

WHO

A
  • United Nations specialized agency for health (1948)
  • Coordinate global resources –direct specialized teams fr/ many countries
  • Climate disasters, Political unrest, wars etc.

Pathogenic Microbes (6 decks)

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