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Pathogenic Microbes > Bioterrorism+ security > Flashcards

Bioterrorism+ security Flashcards

1
Q

Ancient use o bioterrorism

A

Hannibal- pots filled w/ venomous snakes thrown onto enemy ships

  • Scythian archers dip arrows in feces> wounds b/cm infected
  • Assyrians poison enemy wells w/ ergot> delusions
  • Athens used Veratrum on water supply of Phocaea siege
  • catapulting plague victs +/or D anis over castle walls during siege
  • Civil War w/ confederates putting D anis in union water sources
  • human experimentation (WWII)
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2
Q

weapons of mass destruction/ germ warfare

A

use of infect microbes as weapons

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3
Q

Mustard gas

A

Devod by French
First used by Germans
Refined by British

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4
Q

Cold war

A

promoted bio warfare research

=> sci.s left to USA, China, Korea to cont. research after soviet fall

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5
Q

Mod. terrorists and biosecurity

A
  • want to cause max disruption to normal life + that persists long after actual threat is uncovered.
  • public/media perception/response= out o proportion to actual threat=> Nat w/ mo threats than hu.s
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6
Q

Factors of good bio agent

A

easily trans (airborne/ contact)

  • ^ mortality w/ mjr pub hlth impact
  • likely- cause public panic and disruption
  • new/ unprevented microbe= unprepared
  • ease of production= nd lrg amnts- cause illness (small pox diff to grow)
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7
Q

Bioterrorism categories: A

A

most “dangerous and useful” to bioterrorists=

High Priority agents.

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8
Q

Bioterrorism categories: B

A

less “dangerous and useful”

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9
Q

Bioterrorism categories: C

A

potentially “dangerous and useful”

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10
Q

Top 4 bioterrorism agents

A

= know what to expect

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Smallpox virus
  • Yersinia pestis
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)
  • generally ease to get from environ, anis, or hu.s
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11
Q

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

A

spores that can be weaponized (mailed)

  • white frost/ lace pattern on growth media
  • orifice bleeding
  • Louis Pasteur’s anthrax vacc= first vacc using live orgs
  • no hu. to hu infectn
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12
Q

small pox

A

USA+ Russia w/ stockpiles=> devo vaccs, antiviral drugs, diagnostic tests

  • no nat. case since late 70s
  • ^ mortality
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13
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

SW USA

-incubation per=

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14
Q

Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)

A
  • cause paralysis o muscles= limp person
  • No DNA/ RNA fo PCR detection
  • ­Nerves not killed +can regenerate if person kept on respirator (4-6mo.s required)
  • limitted # of respirators
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15
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fever

A

cause person to start bleeding fr/ mouth, nose, and rectum

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16
Q

bioterrorism case study: Oregon

A 
Salmonellosis
salad bars (usually in meat, milk, or eggs)
>1 yr to find source= disgruntled religious members
17
Q

microbe weapon effectiveness?

A

on paritial success w/ anthrax= packaging +delivery probs)

18
Q

Future probs/ targets

A

food (central processing plants)+ water sources

-less water availability around world= likely sources of global conflicts (society is fragile)

19
Q

How to combat bioterrorism

A
  1. Ust agent trans
  2. Management of resources
    - prevention, treatment, predictive models
  3. Edu and prepardness
    - -all require funding
20
Q

Microbiota Shift Dis.s

A
  • outside normal classification schemes= >1 org involved

- imbalances of commensal orgs» generally beneficial, some circumstances= some species pathogenic

21
Q

Change in formal flora

A

intestinal: IBD, Crohn’s Dis., Autism
oral: caries, gingivitis
vaginal: vaginosis, ^ o still births

22
Q

GI microbiota shift dis.s

A

Involve shift fr/ some Gram+ orgs (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteium) to mix o Gram –/+ anaerobes (Clostridium
(+ve), Fusobacterium (-­ve), Bacteroides(­‐ve).

23
Q

Devo of GI flora

A

Birth: initial colonizers
1st wk: conditions for favorable growth
Breast fed: bifidobacteria predominate
Formula fed: sim to days 4-7

24
Q

Probiotics

A

‘bacteriotherapy’ for promoting healthy Gut microflora

25
Q

Pathological Gut disorders

A 
acute inflammation
Pseudomembranous colitis
Inflammatory bowel dis.
bowel cancer
IBS

Pathogenic Microbes (6 decks)

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