Foundations

Question 1

Prokaryotes?

Answer 1

NO!

Woese- based on negatives (no nuclase or membrane bound organelles)= Bacteria, Eukareya, Archaea

Question 2

Humans and microbes

Answer 2

both exploiting ea. other

Question 3

Microbiome

Answer 3

• ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, + pathogenic microorganisms on and in the bdy.
• expand to any environmental habitat or the planet
• proportion of microorganisms= pathogenic (may be catastrophic» chronic infections/ D

Question 4

Plague

Answer 4

bact: Yersinia pestis
20-50% European pop D!~ 5yr period
» end of feudal system

Question 5

MRSA (methicillin-­‐resistant staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 5

• Bact.
• invade bld+ attack vital organs
• USA= = 95 million carry S. aureus in noses

Question 6

Small Pox

Answer 6

• Virus
• unique to humans
• “small” b/c distinguish from “great pox” (syphilis).
• emerge ~10Kya (Pharaoh Ramses V w/ rash= earliest evid)
• 400K Europeans/ yr @ end of 18thc

Question 7

Spanish Flu

Answer 7

• Virus

- 1918 victs= healthy young adults= unusual b/c usually affects juvis, elderly, + weak ppl.

Question 8

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 8

• Virus
• 68% o ppl w/ dis in sub-saharra Af.
• Asia= generally seen in high risk grps
• E. Europe+ C. Asia= ^ 3x

Question 9

Foot+ Mouth

Answer 9

-Virus o ungulates

>7mill anis culled in 2001 UK outbreak

Question 10

Infectious Ds worldwide

Answer 10

> 33% o wrld Ds

-prob higher b/c cancers, cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory dis.s can be caused by infection.

Question 11

Yersinia pestis

Answer 11

end of feudal syst

Question 12

Pathogenic Archaea?

Answer 12

no pathogenic archaea found

-Methanosphaera stadtmanae found in Hu. gut (feed on methanol)= 1st archaeal commensal