Intro

Question 1

2 important renal functions

Answer 1

pH regulation

gluconeogenesis

Question 2

rid body of water soluble wastes is called:

Answer 2

excretion

Question 3

the big 4 includes:

Answer 3

angiotension II
aldosterone
ADH
atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 4

fluid intake is approx = ____

Answer 4

2300 mL/day

Question 5

all of the fluids inside cells

40% of total body weight

Answer 5

intracellular fluid

Question 6

all of the fluids outside of cell
includes: plasma and interstitial fluid
20% of body weight

Answer 6

extracellular fluid

Question 7

extracellular fluid has high levels of: ____ , ____ & _____ ions

Answer 7

sodium
chloride
bicarbonate

Question 8

intracellular fluid has high levels of: ____ & ____ ions

Answer 8

potassium

phosphate

Question 9

_____ fluid has higher protein content

Answer 9

intracellular fluid

Question 10

OSMOSIS: the net diffusion of water across a ______ permeable membrane from a region of ____ WATER concentration to a region of ___ WATER concentration

Answer 10

selectively permeable

high water conc. to low water conc.

Question 11

the total number of moles in a solution

Answer 11

osmoles

Question 12

osmoles per LITER of water

Answer 12

osmolarity

Question 13

solution that has a lower conc. of impermeant solutes than the cell

Answer 13

hypotonic solution

**cell SWELLING*

Question 14

a solution with a higher conc. of impermeant solutes than the cell

Answer 14

hypertonic solution

cell SHRINKING

Question 15

whole body equilibrium takes about ______, while intracellular/extracellular equilibrium takes ____

Answer 15

30 minutes

seconds to minutes

Question 16

excess water or decreased SODIUM in the extracellular fluid

Answer 16

HYPOnatremia

Question 17

dehydration in HYPOnatremia is caused by loss of ____ and overhydration is caused by ____

Answer 17

NaCl (decrease exctracellular fluid)

excess water retention

Question 18

rapid cell SWELLING has a major effect on ______; SLOW evolution of _____

Answer 18

brain

HYPOnatremia

Question 19

increase plasma sodium concentrations

Answer 19

HYPERnatremia

Question 20

dehydration in HYPERnatremia is caused by loss of ____ and overhydration is caused by ____

Answer 20

water from ECF

excess NaCl in ECF

Question 21

HYPERnatremia causes cell to _____, as well as the sensation of ____

Answer 21

shrink

thirst

Question 22

_____ edema caused by:
hyponatremia
metabolic depression
lack of adequate nutrition

Answer 22

intracellular edema

Question 23

_____ edema caused by:
fluid leakage
lymphatic failure (Lymphedema)

Answer 23

extracellular edema