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Immuno Block 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of immunity is this: protection is transferred from other source

A

Passive

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2
Q

Which form of immunity is this: body makes protection

A

Active

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3
Q

Different components may be specific for molecules produced
by different classes of microbes but do not react against
noninfectious foreign particles

A

Innate Immunity

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4
Q

this type of immunity enhances adaptive immune responses against infectious agents

A

Innate

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5
Q

In _____ type of immunity, reside underneath barrier to kill off microbes before we activate adaptive immunity.

A

Innate; phagocytes

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6
Q

This type of immunity is slower but more effective

A

Adaptive Immunity

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7
Q

These express receptors that specifically recognize

antigens produced by microbes as well as noninfectious molecules

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

What are the receptors on B cells?

A

Immunoglobulin reeceptor (Ig) (antibody) or surface antibody (ab) receptors

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9
Q

What are the receptors on T cells?

A

P cell receptors (PCRs)

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10
Q

What trap specific Ag receptors on their surface?

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

What is the first line of defense in innate immunity?

A

epithelial barriers and specialized cells and natural antibiotics present in epithelia - these all function to block the entry of microbes

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12
Q

What is the responding lymphocyte in humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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13
Q

What is the responding lymphocyte in cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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14
Q

What do B lymphocytes do in humoral immunity?

A

they eliminate the extracellular microbes?

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15
Q

What do T lymphocytes do in cell-mediated immunity?

A

they activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes or kill infected cells directly.

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16
Q

____________ recognize many different types of molecules/antigens
including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

A

Antibodies

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17
Q

_________ recognize only proteins

A

T Cells

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18
Q

only antibody that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

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19
Q

antibody that confers passive immunity to breastfed infant

A

IgA

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20
Q

Which type of T cells activate phagocytes to destroy
microbes that have been ingested by the phagocytes
into intracellular vesicles

A

Helper T cells (CD4+)

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21
Q

Which type of T cells kill any type of host cells that are harboring infectious microbes in the cytoplasm?

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

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22
Q

Which type of immunity is short term?

A

Passive

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23
Q

What is a naive individual?

A

one who hasn’t encountered an antigen yet

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24
Q

Which response (primary or secondary) is more rapid and larger ?

A

secondary

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25
Q

the ability of one antibody to bind one and not another member of a family of chemically related substances

A

specificity

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26
Q

is the strength of attraction between an antigen and an antibody. In a second response, the affinity increases.

A

affinity

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27
Q

Which type of lymphocyte does no express a receptor against an antigen?

A

natural killer cell

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28
Q

What is the responding lymphocyte in innate immunity?

A

natural killer cell

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29
Q

What do APC’s do?

A

capture antigens for display to lymphocytes

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30
Q

Which type of APC initiaties a T cell repsonse?

A

dendritic cells

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31
Q

Which type of APC is responsible for initiation and effector phase of cell-mediated immunity?

A

macrophages

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32
Q

Which type of APC displays antigens to B lymphocytes in humora immune responses?

A

Follicular dendritic cells

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33
Q

Where are tissue macrophages derived from?

A

blood monocytes

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34
Q

Which Class of lymphocyte is this?
-Recognize -> soluble or cell surface antigens
(extracellular microbes)

A

B lymphocytes

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35
Q

Which Class of lymphocyte is this?

-Recognize -> peptide antigens displayed by MHC molecules on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells.

A

Helper T lymphocytes

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36
Q

Which Class of lymphocyte is this?
-Recognize -> peptide antigens presented by MHCs molecules on infected cells.
(intracellular microbes)

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

37
Q

What is the effector function for a B lymphocyte?

A

antibodies neutralize, prevent infection, lead to elimination of microbes and activate compliment.

38
Q

What is the effector function for Helper T lymphocytes?

A

secrete cytokines, which stimulate different mechanisms of immunity and inflammation.

39
Q

What is the effector function for CTLs?

A

direct killing of infected cell

40
Q

What is the effector function for Regulatory T cells?

A

suppresses activation or effector function of lymphocytes, specifically those who react to self-antigen.

41
Q

Which class of lymphocytes main tolerance to self-antigens?

A

regulatory T cells

42
Q

Which class of lymphocytes recognizes changes on the surface of infected cells?

A

Natural killer cells

43
Q

What is the effector function of natural killer cells?

A

Capable of rapidly attacking infected host cells as components of innate immunity, but do not express specific antigen receptors like B and T cells.

44
Q

Which 2 classes of lymphocytes have the same mechanism of killing?

A

Cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer Cells

45
Q

Lymphocytes develop from precursors in what organs?

A

bone marrow and thymus

46
Q

What does a lymphocyte need to be functional?

A

an antigen receptor

47
Q

What happens to mature lymphocytes if they aren’t activated by an antigen?

A

Since they are naive, they die.

48
Q

What are the effector cells of the CD8+ lineage?

49
Q

What happens to effector cells after they selimate the antigen?

50
Q

What do mature B cells have on the surface?

A

IgM and IgD

51
Q

many naive b cells have low affinity for what?

52
Q

What have the highest affinity antigen receptor?

A

Memory B-cells

53
Q

When activated, what do mature B cells exhibit? What happens?

A

Class switch recombination; can change its class by changing its heavy chain which changes the type of antibody but doesn’t change specificity of the antigen

54
Q

This type of cell doesn’t leave the spleen/lymph bodes

A

plasma cells, but the antibodies circulate

55
Q

This type of cell migrates to the site of infection, once it was activated in the lymph nodes

56
Q

The common portals of entry for microbes contain what?

57
Q

What are the professional APCs? What do they do?

A

Dendritic cells; they capture antigen with their long processes

58
Q

Where do the follicular dendritic cells reside?

A

germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the peripheral lymphoid organs

59
Q

What are the common portals of entry for microbes?

A

skin, GIT, Resp Tract

60
Q

____________circulate throughout the body and preferentially go
to specialized organs where antigen is concentrated.

A

Naive lymphocytes

61
Q

_________ go to sites of infection from where microbes have to be eliminated.

A

Effector T cells

62
Q

______ specific for an antigen interact with and help B cells
specific for the same antigen, resulting in antibody production.

A

Helper T cells

63
Q

Which are considered generative (primary/central) lymphoid organs?

A

thymus and bone marrow

64
Q

Which are considered peripheral (or secondary) lymphoid organs ?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous immune systems

65
Q

What are the three key players needed for immune response?

A

lymphocytes, antigens, APCs

66
Q

What do naive lymphocytes do?

A

They circulate the body and go to specialized organs where antigen is concentrated

67
Q

What do Effector T cells do?

A

go to sites of infection from where microbes have to be eliminated

68
Q

What do Helper T cells do?

A

they are specific for antigen interaction and help B cells specific for the same antgen

69
Q

Are follicles with a germinal center considered primary or secondary? And those without?

A

With germinal center = secondary

Without germinal center = primary

70
Q

This is found in the follicle in the cortex where B-cell is responding to antigen

A

germinal center

71
Q

Where in the lymph node are T cells found?

A

paracortex

72
Q

Where in the lymph node are B cells found?

A

in periphery (in cortex)

73
Q

Where do plasma cells migrate towards?

A

medullary cord

74
Q

Where in the spleen are T cells?

75
Q

Where in the spleen are B cells?

A

in follicles adjacent to PALS

76
Q

What do FDCs secrete?

A

chemokines

77
Q

What do T cells in the spleen express?

A

CCR7 receptor that recognizes chemokines

78
Q

What responds to lymph-borne antigens?

A

lymph nodes

79
Q

What serves immune responses to blood-borne antigens?

80
Q

How do naive T cells migrate from the blood?

A

through high endothelial venules

81
Q

Where is L-selectin found and what does it do?

A

Naive T cells express the surface receptor L-selectin, which binds to carbohydrate ligands expressed only on the endothelial cells of high endothelial venules

82
Q

What is the difference between antigens in lymph node and spleen?

A

Spleen - blood born antigens

lymph node - lymph born antigens

83
Q

Once the expression od CCR7 stops, what is expressed?

A

Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors

84
Q

these direct the show; they produce soluble mediators called cytokines

A

Helper T cells

85
Q

protein molecules that bind specific receptors

86
Q

identify infected cells by viruses; identify mismatched transplant tissue; identify tumor cells, and kill them

87
Q

In innate immunity, lymphocytes react against microbes ______ react against noninfectious foreign particles

A

but DO NOT react against noninfectious foreign particles.

88
Q

In adaptive Immunity, lymphocytes react against microbes _____ react against noninfectious foreign particles

A

AND noninfectious foreign particles

Immuno Block 1 (5 decks)

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