Intro

Question 0

What is behaviourism?

Answer 0

Says that we don’t freely choose our behaviours.
Goal: influence and predict behaviour.
Focus: independently observable behaviour.
Major psychological force between 1920s-1960s

Question 1

Explain humanistic psychology’s principles, and founders.

Answer 1

Created by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rodgers (1950s).
Emphasizes current environmental influences our growth potential. Humans are innately good, and are driven towards personal growth. It is only when needs are not met that maladaptive behaviour arises.

Question 2

Which theory of behaviour rejected psychoanalysis?

Answer 2

Behaviourism. (John Watson & b.f skinner).

Question 3

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 3

Theory of personality and treatment of psychological disorders. Developed by Sigmund Freud. Unconscious mind consists of; “it”, “super ego”, “ego”.

Question 4

What is functionalism? Who developed it?

Answer 4

Focuses on the functions of our thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and ideas. Inspired by natural selection. Created by William James.

Question 5

What is psychology?

Answer 5

The scientific study of behaviour and mental process. Utilizes the scientific method of systematic observations.

Question 6

What question does psychology seek to find the answer to?

Answer 6

Why do people think and act the way that they do?

Question 7

Who invented the first psychology lab? When? Where?

Answer 7

William Wundt. Germany. 1879.

Question 8

What is sensory perception?

Answer 8

Visual, auditory, tactile. Interested in the composition of conscious, mental experiences and processes. (Ex: reaction time experiments)

Question 9

What is introspection?

Answer 9

Observation and recording of one’s mental experiences, sensations, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 10

What is structuralism?

Answer 10

• Focuses on the basic structural elements of conscious mental experiences.
• Uses introspection to define the mind’s makeup.
• Termed by Edward Bradford Tichner.
• Brought psychological science to North America

Question 11

What is the phi phenomenon?

Answer 11

-A series of still pictures are perceived as showing genuine motion.

Question 12

What does Gestalt psychology (Max Wertheimer) say about people’s experiences?

Answer 12

• They are holistic or unified
• Gestalt= whole, form, or pattern
• The whole is more than just a sum of its parts
• Perceptions do not arise just by adding the independent sensations. So, structuralism cannot provide the whole answer

Question 13

What is the focus of (1960s) cognitive psychology?

Answer 13

• How the mind processes and receives information
• Humans are logical and rational
• REJECTS notions of humans NOT having free will

Question 14

What does cognitive neuroscience state about our feelings and thoughts?

Answer 14

We think about what we are feeling. For example, if you’re feeling depressed, you are thinking depressed

Question 15

What is the focus of neuroscience?

Answer 15

• The functioning of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord, neurons, neurotransmitters, hormones)
• Humans act the way they do because of their biological makeup

Question 16

What is the focus of evolutionary psychology?

Answer 16

• The evolution of both behaviour and thought.

- How do our behaviours and thoughts benefit our survival?

Question 17

What is behaviour genetics?

Answer 17

-The relative influence of genes and environment on individual differences and behaviours

Question 18

What does is the focus of socio-cultural psychology?

Answer 18

• Looking at social and cultural influences on behaviour

- Looks at how we behave amongst other people

Question 19

What is the nature- nurture issue?

Answer 19

• Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours
• Today’s science sees traits and behaviours arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 20

What are psychology’s 3 main levels of analysis?

Answer 20

• Biological influences
• Psychological influences (learned behaviours, emotional responses, etc)
• Socio- cultural influences

Question 21

What is positive psychology?

Answer 21

• Scientific study of human functioning

- Goals: Discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 22

What is basic research?

Answer 22

• Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 23

What is applied research?

Answer 23

• Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 24

What does clinical psychology do?

Answer 24

• Study, assess, treat people with mental disorders and psychological disorders
• Does not provide medical therapy

Question 25

What is psychiatry?

Answer 25

• Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders
• Doctors can provide medical (drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy to treat the causes of psychological disorders

Question 26

When did the cognitive revolution occur and what did it do?

Answer 26

• 1960s
• led the field back to its early interest in mental processes (i.e the importance of how our mind processes and retains information)